تَناقُض

Characterized by or based on the inference of particular instances from a general law; deductive.

The action of drawing a conclusion on the basis of evidence and reasoning.

Reasoning conducted or assessed according to strict principles of validity.

The act of making a general statement or applying something to a wider group; generalization.

The act of removing or excluding someone or something from consideration, a group, or a list. In logic, it refers to the elimination of possibilities.

The state of requiring or necessitating something as a logical consequence or a condition. Often used in the phrase 'as needed' or 'as required'.

The process of proving a statement, theory, or idea using evidence and logic. It is the systematic method used to demonstrate that something is true.

Acting or done in the same way over time, especially so as to be fair or accurate. It means having parts that agree with each other.

The action of proving or demonstrating something using evidence or logical argument.

The state of being similar or having a likeness to something else; often used in logic to mean an analogy.