في الفصل
Adding Nuance with Advanced Verbs
Hindi Subjunctive: Expressing Poss
Use the Subjunctive mood to express uncertainty, wishes, or ask for advice by changing the verb ending directly.
The Rule in 30 Seconds
- Drop `nā` from the verb.
- Add `-ū̃`, `-e`, `-o`, or `-ẽ`.
- Use for maybe, wishes, or advice.
- Never add `hai` at the end!
Quick Reference
| Subject | Ending | Example (Bolnā - To speak) | Translation |
|---|---|---|---|
| Main (I) | -ū̃ | Bolū̃ | I may speak / Should I speak? |
| Tu (You) | -e | Bole | You may speak |
| Vah / Yeh (He/She) | -e | Bole | He/She may speak |
| Hum (We) | -ẽ | Bolẽ | We may speak |
| Tum (You) | -o | Bolo | You may speak |
| Aap / Ve (Formal/They) | -ẽ | Bolẽ | You/They may speak |
أمثلة رئيسية
3 من 10Shayad aaj baarish ho.
Maybe it rains today.
Main ab kya karū̃?
What should I do now?
Agar vo pūche, toh mat batānā.
If he asks, don't tell.
The 'Should' Hack
Whenever you want to say sentences starting with "Should I..." in English (Should I go? Should I eat?), just use the `Main` subjunctive form: "Main jaaū̃?" "Main khaaū̃?"
No 'Hai' Zone
I cannot stress this enough: If you add `hai` to a subjunctive verb (like `aaye hai`), it stops being subjunctive and starts being grammatically messy. Drop the `hai`!
The Rule in 30 Seconds
- Drop `nā` from the verb.
- Add `-ū̃`, `-e`, `-o`, or `-ẽ`.
- Use for maybe, wishes, or advice.
- Never add `hai` at the end!
Overview
### Overview
Welcome to the Twilight Zone of Hindi grammar! 🌌 You know how to talk about what *is* happening (Present) and what *will* happen (Future). But what about the stuff that exists in the fuzzy middle? The "maybes," the "what-ifs," and the "I hope sos"? That’s where the Subjunctive Mood lives. It's not about facts; it's about possibilities, feelings, and uncertainties. Think of it as the "mood ring" of Hindi verbs.
### How This Grammar Works
In English, we use helper words like "might," "may," "should," or "could" to express uncertainty. Hindi is cooler (and slightly more efficient). It changes the verb ending itself to show that uncertainty. No extra helper verbs required!
When you use the Subjunctive, you are telling the listener, "Hey, I'm not 100% sure about this, but it's a possibility."
### Formation Pattern
Ready to build some uncertain verbs? It’s easier than making chai. ☕
- 1Find the Root: Take the infinitive verb (like
karnā- to do) and chop off thenā. You're left withkar. - 2Add the Magic Endings: attach these specific endings to the root:
* Main (I): add -ū̃ (e.g., karū̃)
* Tu (You - intimate): add -e (e.g., kare)
* Vah/Yeh (He/She/It): add -e (e.g., kare)
* Hum (We): add -ẽ (e.g., karẽ)
* Tum (You - informal): add -o (e.g., karo) *Same as Imperative!*
* Aap/Ve (You formal/They): add -ẽ (e.g., karẽ)
### When To Use It
Use this mood when reality is a bit... squishy.
* Possibility: With words like shayad (maybe). "Shayad baarish ho" (Maybe it rains).
* Asking for Advice/Permission: "Main kya karū̃?" (What should I do?)
* Wishes/Blessings: "Bhagwan kare sab theek ho" (God willing, everything be fine).
* Conditions (If/Then): "Agar vah aaye, toh hum jaayẽ" (If he comes, then we go).
### When Not To Use It
* Facts: If you know it's happening, don't use this. Use the Indicative mood (Present/Past/Future).
* *Wrong:* "Suraj nikle." (The sun may rise? No, it definitely rises!)
* *Right:* "Suraj nikalta hai."
### Common Mistakes
* Adding hai: The biggest rookie error! 🚨 The subjunctive stands alone. It doesn't need hai, tha, or ga at the end.
* *Mistake:* "Shayad vah aaye hai."
* *Fix:* "Shayad vah aaye."
* Confusing with Future: Sometimes beginners use Future (aayega) where Subjunctive (aaye) is more elegant, especially with shayad. While shayad vah aayega is heard, shayad vah aaye implies more uncertainty.
### Contrast With Similar Patterns
Think of the Future Tense (karega) as a promise. "I *will* do it."
Think of the Subjunctive (kare) as a shrug. 🤷 "I *might* do it."
* Future: "Main jaaū̃gā." (I'm going, get out of my way.)
* Subjunctive: "Main jaaū̃?" (Should I go? Can I go?)
### Quick FAQ
* Q: Does tone matter?
* A: Huge yes. "Tum jaao" can be an order (Go!) or a suggestion (You may go), depending on your voice.
* Q: Why do Tu and Vah have the same ending?
* A: Just one of Hindi's quirks. Context is your best friend here.
* Q: Is this formal Hindi?
* A: It's standard Hindi. You'll hear it in Bollywood movies, read it in news, and hear it when your auntie gossips about what *might* happen at the wedding.
Reference Table
| Subject | Ending | Example (Bolnā - To speak) | Translation |
|---|---|---|---|
| Main (I) | -ū̃ | Bolū̃ | I may speak / Should I speak? |
| Tu (You) | -e | Bole | You may speak |
| Vah / Yeh (He/She) | -e | Bole | He/She may speak |
| Hum (We) | -ẽ | Bolẽ | We may speak |
| Tum (You) | -o | Bolo | You may speak |
| Aap / Ve (Formal/They) | -ẽ | Bolẽ | You/They may speak |
The 'Should' Hack
Whenever you want to say sentences starting with "Should I..." in English (Should I go? Should I eat?), just use the `Main` subjunctive form: "Main jaaū̃?" "Main khaaū̃?"
No 'Hai' Zone
I cannot stress this enough: If you add `hai` to a subjunctive verb (like `aaye hai`), it stops being subjunctive and starts being grammatically messy. Drop the `hai`!
The Polite 'Let's'
Want to say "Let's go"? Use the `Hum` (we) form! "Chalo, ghar `jaayẽ`" (Come, let's go home). It's inclusive and friendly.
Blessings are Subjunctive
Elders often give blessings in the subjunctive. "Jite raho" (May you live long) or "Khush raho" (May you be happy). It's a wish, not a fact... yet!
أمثلة
10Shayad aaj baarish ho.
Focus: ho
Maybe it rains today.
Classic possibility usage.
Main ab kya karū̃?
Focus: karū̃
What should I do now?
Asking for advice/direction.
Agar vo pūche, toh mat batānā.
Focus: pūche
If he asks, don't tell.
Conditional usage (Agar...)
Bhagwān kare tum pās ho jāo!
Focus: kare
God willing, you pass!
Wishes/Blessings.
Shayad ve ghar par na hõ.
Focus: hõ
Maybe they are not at home.
Negative possibility (use 'na', not 'nahi').
Hum andar aayẽ?
Focus: aayẽ
May we come in?
Asking permission politely.
Shayad vah aaye.
Focus: aaye
Maybe he comes.
Correction: Never use 'hai' with subjunctive.
Main kya karū̃?
Focus: karū̃
What should I do?
Correction: Future tense sounds like you are predicting your own action, not asking advice.
Chalo, kuch khānā khāyẽ.
Focus: khāyẽ
Come on, let's eat some food.
Suggestion/Proposal ('Let's...').
Sambhav hai ki train late ho.
Focus: ho
It is possible that the train is late.
Advanced: Using explicit 'It is possible that...' phrase.
اختبر نفسك
Complete the sentence to mean 'Maybe he goes home.'
Shayad vah ghar ___.
'Shayad' (maybe) triggers the subjunctive mood. 'Jaaye' is the correct form for 'vah'.
You are confused at a restaurant. Ask: 'What should I eat?'
Main kya ___?
When asking for advice or wondering to oneself, use the 'Main' subjunctive ending '-ū̃'.
Complete the wish: 'May you live long.'
Tumhari umr lambi ___.
Wishes and blessings use the subjunctive. The verb 'hona' becomes 'ho'.
🎉 النتيجة: /3
وسائل تعلم بصرية
Indicative vs. Subjunctive
Do I use the Subjunctive?
Is it a 100% fact?
Are you saying 'Maybe', 'Should I', or 'If'?
Drop 'nā', add -ū̃/-e/-ẽ?
Trigger Words
Uncertainty
- • Shayad (Maybe)
- • Sambhav hai (Possible)
Conditions
- • Agar (If)
- • Jab tak (Until)
Desire
- • Kaash (I wish)
- • Chalo (Let's)
الأسئلة الشائعة
20 أسئلةYes! Ho sakta hai literally means 'it can be' or 'it is possible.' You can say "Ho sakta hai vah aaye" (It is possible that he comes). The verb aaye is still in the subjunctive!
Not strictly. If you say "Vah aaj aaye," the uncertainty is in the verb itself. However, adding shayad acts like a flashing neon sign saying "UNCERTAINTY AHEAD," which helps clarity.
If you say "Shayad vah aayega," people will understand you perfectly. It just sounds a bit more certain, like "Maybe he WILL come." The subjunctive "Shayad vah aaye" sounds more like "Maybe he MIGHT come."
Use na or mat. Do not use nahin typically. E.g., "Shayad vah na aaye" (Maybe he doesn't come). Mat is used more for commands/advice like "Vah mat jaaye" (He shouldn't go).
Absolutely. Official documents often use it for possibilities or conditions. "Agar zaroorat pade..." (If the need arises...).
They both end in -e. Context is key! "Tu kya kare?" (What might you do?) vs "Vah kya kare?" (What might he do?). Usually, the pronoun is there to help you.
Yes! "Kya main andar aaū̃?" is the classic way to ask "May I come in?" It's polite and grammatically perfect.
Good catch! These are slightly irregular. Root is de and le. Subjunctive: Main dū̃, Vah de, Hum dẽ. Same for lena.
Start with Kaash. "Kaash vah samjhe" (I wish [that] he understands). Kaash triggers the subjunctive mood beautifully.
Standard pattern! Root kar. Main karū̃, Tu kare, Vah kare, Hum karẽ, Tum karo, Aap karẽ.
Sort of! Think of old English "God save the Queen" (not saves). Or "I suggest that he leave" (not leaves). That's the subjunctive! Hindi just uses it way more often.
Chahiye (should/need) is different. It's used for obligation. "Mujhe jaana chahiye" (I should go). Subjunctive is more about asking: "Main jaaū̃?" (Shall I go?).
Yes, if the 'when' is uncertain. "Jab vah aaye, mujhe bulaana" (When[ever] he comes, call me). If you know for sure he is coming at 5PM, you might use future, but subjunctive is common for indefinite future.
It's -o. "Tum karo". Notice this is identical to the Imperative (Order). "Tum ye kaam karo" can mean "Do this work" or "(Maybe) you do this work" depending on the full sentence.
The endings are easy (e, ẽ, ū̃, o). The hard part is remembering to use it instead of Future tense. Just practice your 'Maybes'!
Very common! Main hū̃, Vah ho, Tu ho, Hum hõ, Tum ho, Aap hõ. Note: Vah ho, not he.
Yes. "Chalo, film dekhẽ" (Come, let's watch a film). The hum form (-ẽ) acts as a proposal.
Yes, please! It makes a difference. Hai (is) vs Hain (are). Similarly Kare (he does) vs Karẽ (we/they do). That nasal sound indicates plural or respect.
All the time! "Agar tum mil jaao..." (If I get you...). Songs love uncertain conditions and romantic wishes.
You'll survive, but you won't sound native. Using the subjunctive correctly is a big sign that you've moved past the absolute beginner stage. It adds flavor!
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فهم هذه المفاهيم سيساعدك على إتقان هذه القاعدة النحوية.
تابع مع
مستعد للمزيد؟ هذه القواعد تبني على ما تعلمته للتو.
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