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A slowly moving mass or river of ice formed by the accumulation and compaction of snow on mountains or near the poles. A key term in TOEFL topics about climate change and geology.

The amount of rain, snow, sleet, or hail that falls to the ground in a specific area during a specific period.

Materials or substances such as minerals, forests, water, and fertile land that occur in nature and can be used for economic gain.

The state of living or inhabiting a certain place. It is primarily used to describe animals or plants living in their natural habitat.

The way in which plants, animals, and people are related to each other and to their environment, or the state of such relationships. Essential for TOEFL environmental science.

The gradual increase in the overall temperature of the earth's atmosphere generally attributed to the greenhouse effect.

Able to be maintained at a certain rate or level. In modern contexts, it often refers to environmental sustainability—conserving an ecological balance by avoiding depletion of natural resources.

The envelope of gases surrounding the earth or another planet. It is essential for describing air pollution and environmental issues in IELTS.

The quality of being able to continue over a long period of time without interruption or weakening.

To preserve or keep something in its original state, especially something valuable like nature, culture, or data. It implies protection from damage or loss.