B2 Complex Sentences 4 मिनट पढ़ने का समय

Conjunções Caus

Mastering causal conjunctions allows you to link ideas logically and sound more sophisticated in Portuguese conversations.

The Rule in 30 Seconds

  • Causal conjunctions explain the reason behind an action or state.
  • Use `porque` for general reasons in the middle of sentences.
  • Place `como` at the start of the sentence to show cause.
  • Use `visto que` or `uma vez que` for a more formal tone.

Quick Reference

Conjunction Position Register English Equivalent
Porque Middle Neutral Because
Como Beginning Neutral Since / As
Já que Anywhere Informal Since / Now that
Visto que Middle/Beginning Formal Seeing as / Given that
Uma vez que Middle/Beginning Formal Since / Once
Pois Middle Literary/Formal For / Because

मुख्य उदाहरण

3 / 8
1

Eu estudei muito porque queria passar no exame.

I studied a lot because I wanted to pass the exam.

2

Como o trânsito estava ruim, cheguei atrasado.

Since the traffic was bad, I arrived late.

3

Já que você está aqui, pode me ajudar?

Since you're here, can you help me?

💡

The 'Como' Rule

Always place 'como' at the very beginning when explaining a cause. If you put it in the middle, it usually means 'like' or 'as'.

⚠️

Avoid 'Por causa que'

This is a very common mistake for learners. It's either 'porque' + verb or 'por causa de' + noun. Never mix them!

The Rule in 30 Seconds

  • Causal conjunctions explain the reason behind an action or state.
  • Use `porque` for general reasons in the middle of sentences.
  • Place `como` at the start of the sentence to show cause.
  • Use `visto que` or `uma vez que` for a more formal tone.

Overview

Ever wondered how to explain your late arrival at a party? Or why you missed that meeting? You need causal conjunctions. These words connect a result to its cause. They are the glue of logical speech. In Portuguese, we use them constantly. They help you sound more natural. They move you beyond simple sentences. Think of them as the 'because' family. They explain the 'why' behind every 'what'.

How This Grammar Works

Causal conjunctions link two parts of a sentence. One part is the consequence. The other part is the reason. For example, 'I am tired because I worked'. 'I am tired' is the result. 'I worked' is the cause. In Portuguese, porque is the most common link. But there are many others. Some go at the start. Others stay in the middle. They change the tone of your voice. Some sound professional. Others sound like you are chatting with friends. It is like choosing the right shoes for an outfit.

Formation Pattern

  1. 1Using these conjunctions is quite straightforward. Follow these steps to build your sentences:
  2. 2Identify the result or action first.
  3. 3Choose a causal conjunction like porque or já que.
  4. 4Add the clause that explains the reason.
  5. 5Alternatively, start with como for the reason.
  6. 6Follow the como clause with the result.
  7. 7Example: Não fui (Result) + porque (Link) + estava doente (Reason).
  8. 8Example: Como estava doente (Reason), + não fui (Result).

When To Use It

Use these when you need to justify yourself. They are perfect for job interviews. You can explain your skills clearly. Use them when ordering food. 'I want this because I love spicy food'. Use them for giving directions. 'Turn left since the bridge is closed'. They are essential for academic writing. They show logical thinking. Even in a fight, they help! 'I am mad since you forgot my birthday'. Yes, grammar helps your social life too.

When Not To Use It

Do not confuse cause with purpose. Cause looks backward to the reason. Purpose looks forward to the goal. For goals, use para que. Do not use como in the middle of a sentence for cause. That is a common trap. Como usually lives at the start. Also, avoid overusing porque. It can sound repetitive and a bit childish. Mix it up to sound like a pro.

Common Mistakes

Many people mix up the four types of porque. For causes, we usually use porque (one word, no accent). Another mistake is using que alone. In English, we say 'since', but in Portuguese, que needs a partner. Don't say 'Que eu estava cansado...'. Say Já que eu estava cansado.... Native speakers sometimes drop the conjunction in very fast speech. But for your B2 level, keep them in. It shows you know the rules. Think of it like a grammar traffic light. Don't run the red light by skipping the conjunction.

Contrast With Similar Patterns

Compare causal conjunctions with 'consecutive' ones. Causal explains the 'why'. Consecutive explains the 'so what'.

Cause: 'I ate because I was hungry'.

Consecutive: 'I was so hungry that I ate'.

Also, compare porque with por causa de. Porque connects to a full verb phrase. Por causa de connects to a noun.

Correct: Porque choveu.

Correct: Por causa da chuva.

Mixing these up is a classic 'gringo' mistake.

Quick FAQ

Q. Can I start a sentence with porque?

A. Yes, but it is more common in answers.

Q. Is visto que very formal?

A. Yes, use it in emails or reports.

Q. What is the most common one?

A. Definitely porque. It is the king of causes.

Q. Can I use pois at the start?

A. No, pois usually sits after the first verb.

Q. Does the verb mood change?

A. Usually, we use the Indicative mood here. No Subjunctive headaches today!

Reference Table

Conjunction Position Register English Equivalent
Porque Middle Neutral Because
Como Beginning Neutral Since / As
Já que Anywhere Informal Since / Now that
Visto que Middle/Beginning Formal Seeing as / Given that
Uma vez que Middle/Beginning Formal Since / Once
Pois Middle Literary/Formal For / Because
💡

The 'Como' Rule

Always place 'como' at the very beginning when explaining a cause. If you put it in the middle, it usually means 'like' or 'as'.

⚠️

Avoid 'Por causa que'

This is a very common mistake for learners. It's either 'porque' + verb or 'por causa de' + noun. Never mix them!

🎯

Sound More Native

Use 'já que' when the reason is obvious to everyone involved. It sounds much more natural than 'porque' in those cases.

💬

Formal Writing

In Portuguese academic essays, 'visto que' is your best friend. It makes your arguments sound logical and well-structured.

उदाहरण

8
#1 Basic Usage

Eu estudei muito porque queria passar no exame.

Focus: porque

I studied a lot because I wanted to pass the exam.

Standard use of 'porque' in the middle.

#2 Sentence Starter

Como o trânsito estava ruim, cheguei atrasado.

Focus: Como

Since the traffic was bad, I arrived late.

'Como' must come at the start for causal meaning.

#3 Informal Justification

Já que você está aqui, pode me ajudar?

Focus: Já que

Since you're here, can you help me?

'Já que' is very common in spoken Portuguese.

#4 Formal Context

A reunião foi cancelada, visto que o diretor adoeceu.

Focus: visto que

The meeting was canceled, given that the director fell ill.

'Visto que' adds a professional touch.

#5 Mistake Correction

✗ Como eu estou cansado porque trabalhei muito. → ✓ Estou cansado porque trabalhei muito.

Focus: porque

I am tired because I worked a lot.

Don't use 'como' and 'porque' for the same cause in one sentence.

#6 Mistake Correction

✗ Eu não fui por causa que choveu. → ✓ Eu não fui porque choveu.

Focus: porque

I didn't go because it rained.

'Por causa que' is a common error; use 'porque' or 'por causa de' + noun.

#7 Advanced Usage

Uma vez que não houve acordo, a greve continuará.

Focus: Uma vez que

Since there was no agreement, the strike will continue.

'Uma vez que' is excellent for news or formal reports.

#8 Literary Style

Não saímos, pois a tempestade era forte.

Focus: pois

We did not go out, for the storm was strong.

'Pois' is more common in writing than in daily speech.

खुद को परखो

Choose the correct conjunction to start the sentence.

___ você já terminou o trabalho, pode ir para casa.

✓ सही! ✗ बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब: Como

When the cause comes at the beginning of the sentence, 'Como' is the standard choice.

Complete the professional email sentence.

O projeto foi pausado ___ faltam recursos financeiros.

✓ सही! ✗ बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब: visto que

'Visto que' is the most appropriate for a formal or professional context.

Select the best informal option.

Vamos comer fora, ___ não tem nada na geladeira.

✓ सही! ✗ बिलकुल नहीं। सही जवाब: já que

'Já que' fits the informal tone of a casual conversation about food.

🎉 स्कोर: /3

विज़ुअल लर्निंग टूल्स

Porque vs. Como

Porque
Middle of sentence Eu como porque tenho fome.
Como
Start of sentence Como tenho fome, eu como.

Choosing the Right Link

1

Is it at the start of the sentence?

YES ↓
NO
Use 'porque' or 'já que'.
2

Is it a formal context?

YES ↓
NO
Use 'Como'.

Tone and Usage

💬

Everyday

  • • porque
  • • já que
💼

Professional

  • • visto que
  • • uma vez que
  • • posto que

अक्सर पूछे जाने वाले सवाल

20 सवाल

The most basic one is porque. It is used in almost every context to explain a reason, like in Estudo porque quero aprender.

No, that is a mistake. For cause, como must be at the start: Como estava frio, usei casaco.

Porque is followed by a verb phrase, while por causa de is followed by a noun. Example: Porque choveu vs Por causa da chuva.

Not really. Pois is quite formal and literary, so you will see it more in books than hear it at a bar.

Use já que when the reason is already known or obvious. For example: Já que você limpou a casa, eu faço o jantar.

No, causal conjunctions usually take the indicative mood. You are stating a fact/reason, so use visto que ele está aqui.

Yes, but usually in informal speech or after an imperative. Coma tudo, que você precisa de energia.

Options like visto que, uma vez que, or dado que are much more formal than porque.

Yes, but be careful! In modern Portuguese it is causal, but historically it was concessive (like 'although'). Stick to visto que to be safe.

You can use como, já que, or visto que. All of them translate well to 'since' depending on the sentence position.

It's a spelling rule! For causal conjunctions in the middle of a sentence, always use the single word without an accent: porque.

Yes, you can. Uma vez que não há pão, comeremos bolo is perfectly correct and sounds quite elegant.

No, it can also mean 'how' or 'like'. Its meaning as 'since' only happens when it introduces a cause at the start.

The most common mistake is forgetting the que. Some learners just say já, which changes the meaning entirely.

It is rare in casual talk. You'll mostly hear it in debates, lectures, or read it in formal documents.

Absolutely. If someone asks 'Por que você fez isso?', you answer starting with Porque....

Yes, it is a complex conjunction. It's very formal and means 'due to the fact that'.

They are almost interchangeable. Visto que focuses slightly more on the evidence, while uma vez que focuses on the condition.

Only in very old books or extremely formal legal documents. You probably don't need it for daily life!

Some can, like por + infinitive. Ele foi preso por roubar (He was arrested for stealing).

क्या यह मददगार था?

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