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A grammatical construction in which two elements, typically noun phrases, are placed side by side so that one element identifies or explains the other. In biological terms, it refers to the growth of successive layers of cell wall material or other tissue.

To recognize the full worth, quality, or importance of something or someone, or to be grateful for a gift or favor. In a financial context, it also means to increase in value over time.

To formally or officially approve, sanction, or express satisfaction with something. It is most commonly used in legal or high-register professional contexts to signify that an action or document is valid and accepted.

To officially accept, sanction, or agree to something as satisfactory, often performed by a person or body in authority. It also refers to having a favorable opinion or thinking well of someone or something, typically followed by the preposition 'of'.

Apropos describes something that is very appropriate, relevant, or opportune in a particular situation. It is also used as a preposition to introduce a topic that relates to what has just been mentioned.

An arbiter is a person or authority who has the power to settle a dispute or decide what is right, acceptable, or fashionable. It can refer to a formal legal role or a metaphorical judge of cultural and social standards.

To act in a way that is based on random choice or personal whim rather than any reason or system. It often implies a decision-making process that is perceived as unfair or lacking logical justification.

The quality of being based on random choice or personal whim rather than any reason, system, or logical necessity. It often describes decisions, rules, or actions that appear unfair or unpredictable because they lack a clear underlying principle.

A neutral third party officially appointed to settle a dispute between two conflicting parties outside of a court of law. Their role is to hear evidence from both sides and issue a final, typically legally binding, decision known as an award.

Arboreal describes animals that live in trees or things relating to trees. It is most commonly used in biological contexts to distinguish tree-dwelling species from those that live on the ground or in water.