أدوات

The quality of being trusted and believed in.

The state or quality of being intricate or complicated.

The quality of being difficult to understand or explain; lack of clarity. Essential for discussing literature and complex scientific theories in TOEFL.

The action of showing something to be right or reasonable, or an explanation provided to excuse a behavior.

A person or thing holding a position or performing a function that corresponds to that of another person or thing in another place.

A formal assessment or examination of something, or a display/parade intended to show off skills or strength.

Of crucial importance in relation to the development or success of something else. It describes something that acts as a center or a main turning point.

The state of being completely absorbed or immersed in something, or the duration it takes for something to happen.

Being the only one of its kind; unlike anything else. It describes something exceptional, unique, or peerless.

A hurdle or obstacle that prevents progress or makes it difficult. Often used in TOEFL to describe challenges in scientific research or historical progress.