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A small compact body, such as a grain or a tiny piece of matter.

To make a liquid thinner or weaker by adding water or another solvent; to decrease the concentration of a substance.

The wear away or change the appearance or texture of something by long exposure to the air, weather, or chemicals. A key concept in geology passages.

The curved path of a celestial object or spacecraft around a star, planet, or moon; also a track or a fixed course.

A fact or situation that is observed to exist or happen, especially one whose cause or explanation is in question. In academic tasks, it often refers to social or natural occurrences.

Happening or changing slowly over a period of time. It describes a steady, incremental process.

A feeling, type of behavior, or physical process that happens as a result of something else. In science, it refers to chemical or physiological changes.

To show that something is true by providing facts, information, or logic. It can also refer to a formal document like a certificate.

A supposition or proposed explanation made on the basis of limited evidence as a starting point for further investigation; to take something as true for the sake of argument.

To regularly check, track, or observe something for a specific purpose, such as health, environment, or performance. A key term for IELTS Academic reading and writing.