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챕터 내

Hypotheticals and Complex Results

이 챕터의 규칙 3 / 4
B1 advanced_syntax 3분 분량

Hindi Unreal Conditionals:

학습 완료로 표시

For 'If I had X, I would have Y', use the 'ta-te-ti' verb form in both parts of the sentence.

The Rule in 30 Seconds

  • Use for hypothetical past situations.
  • Describes things that didn't happen.
  • Verb stems end in ta/te/ti.
  • Same verb form in both clauses.

Quick Reference

Subject Condition (Agar...) Connector Result (...toh...)
Main (M) agar main jaata (If I went/had gone) toh main usse milta (I would have met him)
Main (F) agar main jaati (If I went/had gone) toh main usse milti (I would have met him)
Tum (M) agar tum aate (If you came/had come) toh hum khush hote (we would be happy)
Woh (F) agar woh padhti (If she studied/had studied) toh woh paas hoti (she would have passed)
Hum (Pl) agar hum bhaagte (If we ran/had run) toh bus pakad lete (we would have caught the bus)
Aap (Formal) agar aap bolte (If you spoke/had spoken) toh main sunta (I would have listened)

주요 예문

3 / 8
1

Agar main ameer hota, toh main duniya ghumta.

If I were rich, I would travel the world.

2

Agar tum samay par aate, toh hum film dekhte.

If you had come on time, we would have watched the movie.

3

Agar baarish na hoti, toh hum match jeet jaate.

If it hadn't rained, we would have won the match.

🎯

The Mirror Effect

Think of the sentence as a mirror. If the first part ends in 'ta', the second part usually ends in 'ta' too. Balance is key!

⚠️

No 'Hai' Zone

Resist the urge to add 'hai' or 'tha' at the end of these sentences. It's cleaner and more correct without them.

The Rule in 30 Seconds

  • Use for hypothetical past situations.
  • Describes things that didn't happen.
  • Verb stems end in ta/te/ti.
  • Same verb form in both clauses.

Overview

Ever wish you could rewrite history? Maybe you didn't buy that Bitcoin in 2010, or you ate that spicy street food before a long bus ride. In Hindi, we have a special way to talk about these "what if" moments—situations that didn't happen, but we can imagine the result if they *had*. It's the language of regrets, excuses, and daydreams. It's totally unreal, but totally useful.

How This Grammar Works

This structure is surprisingly simple compared to English. In English, you juggle "had," "would have," and past participles. It's a mouthful. In Hindi, we use the Imperfective Participle (the verb form ending in ta, ti, or te) for *both* parts of the sentence. Yes, both the "if" part and the result part look the same. It's like a mirror. You don't need complicated auxiliary verbs here. The vibe is purely hypothetical.

Formation Pattern

  1. 1Here is the secret formula for creating alternate realities:
  2. 2Start with agar (if). It's optional but helps set the mood.
  3. 3Add your Subject (main, tum, woh, etc.).
  4. 4Add the Condition Verb ending in ta, te, or ti (matching the subject).
  5. 5Add toh (then/so).
  6. 6Add the Result Verb ending in ta, te, or ti (matching the subject).
  7. 7Structure: agar + [Subject] + [Verb]-ta/te/ti, toh + [Subject] + [Verb]-ta/te/ti

When To Use It

Use this when the ship has already sailed. The event is in the past, and you can't change it.

  • Regrets: "If I had studied, I would have passed."
  • Excuses: "If the traffic wasn't bad, I would have been on time."
  • Fantasies: "If I were a bird, I would fly."

When Not To Use It

Don't use this for things that can still happen. If there is a chance it might occur tomorrow, you need the Future Conditional (using ga, ge, gi).

  • Incorrect for future: "If it rains tomorrow, I would cancel."
  • Correct for future: "If it rains tomorrow, I *will* cancel."

Common Mistakes

  • The Future Trap: Students often try to add ga or gi (like karta vs karega). Stop! If you add ga, you step into the real future. Keep it unreal with just ta.
  • The Helper Overload: Don't add tha or hai at the end. Just the ta/te/ti form is enough to carry the meaning. Saying agar main jaata tha sounds clunky here.

Contrast With Similar Patterns

Think of it like a fork in the road.

  • Real Conditional: "Agar main jaunga..." (If I go... implying I might). This is a real possibility.
  • Unreal Conditional: "Agar main jaata..." (If I went/had gone... implying I didn't). This is pure imagination.

Quick FAQ

Q. Can I drop the word agar?

A. Absolutely. Your tone of voice often does the heavy lifting.

Q. What if I want to say "If I were..." (state of being)?

A. Use hota, hote, or hoti. E.g., Agar main ameer hota (If I were rich).

Reference Table

Subject Condition (Agar...) Connector Result (...toh...)
Main (M) agar main jaata (If I went/had gone) toh main usse milta (I would have met him)
Main (F) agar main jaati (If I went/had gone) toh main usse milti (I would have met him)
Tum (M) agar tum aate (If you came/had come) toh hum khush hote (we would be happy)
Woh (F) agar woh padhti (If she studied/had studied) toh woh paas hoti (she would have passed)
Hum (Pl) agar hum bhaagte (If we ran/had run) toh bus pakad lete (we would have caught the bus)
Aap (Formal) agar aap bolte (If you spoke/had spoken) toh main sunta (I would have listened)
🎯

The Mirror Effect

Think of the sentence as a mirror. If the first part ends in 'ta', the second part usually ends in 'ta' too. Balance is key!

⚠️

No 'Hai' Zone

Resist the urge to add 'hai' or 'tha' at the end of these sentences. It's cleaner and more correct without them.

💬

Dramatic Bollywood Moments

You'll hear this structure constantly in Bollywood breakup scenes. 'Agar tum saath hote...' (If you were with me...). It's the language of heartbreat.

💡

Polite Refusals

You can use this structure to soften a 'No'. 'Main aata, par busy hoon' (I would have come, but I am busy).

예시

8
#1 अगर मैं अमीर होता, तो मैं दुनिया घूमता।

Agar main ameer hota, toh main duniya ghumta.

Focus: ghumta

If I were rich, I would travel the world.

Classic daydreaming scenario.

#2 अगर तुम समय पर आते, तो हम फिल्म देखते।

Agar tum samay par aate, toh hum film dekhte.

Focus: aate

If you had come on time, we would have watched the movie.

A common complaint between friends.

#3 अगर बारिश न होती, तो हम मैच जीत जाते।

Agar baarish na hoti, toh hum match jeet jaate.

Focus: hoti

If it hadn't rained, we would have won the match.

Using 'na' for negation.

#4 अगर मुझे पता होता, तो मैं तुम्हें बता देता।

Agar mujhe pata hota, toh main tumhe bata deta.

Focus: bata

If I had known, I would have told you.

Using 'pata hota' (knowledge/awareness).

#5 ✗ अगर मैं जाऊंगा, तो मैं उसे देखता।

Agar main jaunga, toh main use dekhta.

Focus: jaunga

If I will go, I would have seen him. (Incorrect)

Do not mix Future (ga) with Unreal Past (ta).

#6 ✓ अगर मैं जाता, तो मैं उसे देखता।

Agar main jaata, toh main use dekhta.

Focus: jaata

If I had gone, I would have seen him.

Correct consistent use of 'ta'.

#7 अगर तू नहीं होता, तो मेरा क्या होता?

Agar tu nahi hota, toh mera kya hota?

Focus: hota

If you weren't here, what would have become of me?

Informal/Emotional 'Tu' form.

#8 काश मैं वहां होता!

Kaash main wahan hota!

Focus: Kaash

I wish I were there!

Edge case: 'Kaash' implies the 'if' condition implicitly.

셀프 테스트

Complete the sentence to mean: 'If he studied, he would pass.'

Agar woh padh___, toh woh paas ho jaata.

✓ 정답! ✗ 아쉬워요. 정답: ta

We need the hypothetical past form 'ta' to match the result 'jaata'.

Choose the correct form for a feminine subject (I).

Agar main ____, toh main khush hoti.

✓ 정답! ✗ 아쉬워요. 정답: aati

Since the result ends in 'hoti' (feminine), the condition must also be feminine 'aati'.

Select the correct connector word.

Agar tum phone karte, ___ main aa jaata.

✓ 정답! ✗ 아쉬워요. 정답: toh

'Toh' (then) is the standard connector for 'If... then...' sentences.

🎉 점수: /3

시각 학습 자료

Real vs. Unreal

Real (Possible)
Agar woh aayega If he comes (Future)
Unreal (Impossible)
Agar woh aata If he came/had come

Did it happen?

1

Did the event happen already?

YES ↓
NO
Use Future/Present Tense
2

Are you imagining a different outcome?

YES ↓
NO
Use Simple Past
3

Use ta/te/ti for both parts!

NO
Success

Matching Genders

👨

Masculine Singular

  • • Hota
  • • Jaata
  • • Khata
👩

Feminine Singular/Plural

  • • Hoti
  • • Jaati
  • • Khati
👥

Masculine Plural / Formal

  • • Hote
  • • Jaate
  • • Khate

자주 묻는 질문

20 질문

Not usually. If you say Agar main lottery jeetta (If I won the lottery), it implies you don't think it will happen. For real possibilities, stick to future tense.

Nope! Just like in English you can say 'Had I known...', in Hindi you can say Main hota toh... directly. Agar is optional flavor.

Tha is the factual past (was). Hota is the hypothetical past (would be/would have been). In this structure, hota is king.

Just add na or nahi before the verb. Agar tum na aate... (If you hadn't come...).

Yes, absolutely! The verb must agree with the subject. A girl would say Agar main jaati, a guy says Agar main jaata.

Try to avoid it until you are advanced. Keeping both sides as ta/ti/te is the safest and most common way to be correct.

Yes, it's used everywhere from street slang to formal speeches. The grammar remains the same, just the vocabulary changes.

The structure can handle that too! Agar main wahan hota, toh abhi khush hota (If I were there, I would be happy right now).

Use the word Kaash at the start. Kaash main wahan hota! (I wish I were there!). It follows the same grammar pattern.

Sometimes you might hear variations in dialects, but for standard Hindi learning, avoid tha in conditional clauses to sound polished.

No, Chahiye is for needs/obligations. Unreal conditionals are strictly about actions/states that didn't happen.

Yes, Yadi is just the more formal, Sanskritized version of Agar. You'll see it in books, but rarely hear it at a chai stall.

Use te. Agar hum jaate (If we went). Simple as that.

You use hota as the main verb indicating possession. Agar mere paas samay hota...

Yes. Main pass ho jaata agar main padhta. (I would have passed if I studied). Totally valid.

Yes, it covers both Second Conditional (hypothetical present) and Third Conditional (hypothetical past) in one simple structure!

This structure is inherently polite when making excuses. Main madad karta... (I would help...) implies good intentions.

Not overly. Just make sure it's distinct from ta so people don't think you said tha.

Good news! Hindi verbs are very regular in this form. Jaana becomes jaata, karna becomes karta. No crazy exceptions.

Think of your bad decisions! Make sentences about what you *would* have done differently. It's therapeutic.

도움이 되었나요?
이전
Real Conditionals: Sub
다음
Purpose Clauses: Using ताकि and

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