In closing
Presentation and public speaking expression
Use it to signal your final point and wrap up a formal presentation or piece of writing.
15초 만에
- Signals that you are about to finish a speech or essay.
- Helps the audience focus on your final, most important takeaway.
- Best used in professional, academic, or serious public speaking contexts.
뜻
This phrase is a verbal 'exit sign' used to tell your audience that you are finishing your speech or writing. It signals that your final, most important point is coming up.
주요 예문
3 / 6Ending a business presentation
In closing, I believe this new strategy will double our growth.
In closing, I believe this new strategy will double our growth.
Writing the final paragraph of an essay
In closing, the evidence clearly supports the need for reform.
In closing, the evidence clearly supports the need for reform.
Giving a toast at a wedding
In closing, let's all raise a glass to the happy couple.
In closing, let's all raise a glass to the happy couple.
문화적 배경
This phrase is a 'signpost' in Western rhetoric, designed to manage audience expectations. It reflects a cultural preference for directness and structured logical flow in professional settings. It became a staple of corporate and academic culture to ensure clarity during long orations.
The Audience Wake-up Call
When you say `In closing`, people who were daydreaming will suddenly start listening again. Use that moment to deliver your most important message!
Don't be a 'False Closer'
If you say `In closing`, you should finish within 60 seconds. If you keep talking for five minutes, your audience will get frustrated.
15초 만에
- Signals that you are about to finish a speech or essay.
- Helps the audience focus on your final, most important takeaway.
- Best used in professional, academic, or serious public speaking contexts.
What It Means
Think of In closing as a polite 'heads up.' You are telling your listeners that the end is near. It helps them refocus their attention for your final message. It is like the lights dimming right before a movie ends. It prepares everyone for the finish line.
How To Use It
Place this phrase at the very start of your last paragraph or sentence. Always follow it with a comma to create a small pause. For example: In closing, I want to thank you all. It makes you sound organized and professional. It gives your final words more weight and importance.
When To Use It
Use it during a business presentation or a formal speech. It works perfectly in a university essay or a cover letter. You can also use it in a serious professional email. It is great for a wedding toast or a funeral eulogy. Basically, use it whenever you want to sound polished.
When NOT To Use It
Do not use it while grabbing a quick coffee with friends. It sounds way too stiff and robotic for a casual chat. Avoid it in short, informal text messages. If you say it, you must actually stop talking soon. Nobody likes the person who says In closing and speaks for ten more minutes!
Cultural Background
Western communication styles value clear structure and 'signposting.' We like to know exactly where we are in a presentation. This phrase acts as a helpful map for the listener. It shows you respect their time and attention. It has been a standard tool in public speaking for decades.
Common Variations
To wrap up is a bit more relaxed and friendly. In conclusion is the classic choice for academic papers. Finally is the simplest and fastest way to signal the end. To sum up is best when you are repeating your main points. Last but not least adds a little bit of extra excitement.
사용 참고사항
This phrase carries a high level of formality. It is primarily used as a transition in professional or academic contexts. Avoid using it in casual social settings to prevent sounding overly stiff.
The Audience Wake-up Call
When you say `In closing`, people who were daydreaming will suddenly start listening again. Use that moment to deliver your most important message!
Don't be a 'False Closer'
If you say `In closing`, you should finish within 60 seconds. If you keep talking for five minutes, your audience will get frustrated.
The 'One Last Thing' Secret
In the US, many speakers use `In closing` followed by a surprising or emotional story. It's a classic way to make a speech memorable.
예시
6In closing, I believe this new strategy will double our growth.
In closing, I believe this new strategy will double our growth.
Used to emphasize the final takeaway of a business pitch.
In closing, the evidence clearly supports the need for reform.
In closing, the evidence clearly supports the need for reform.
A standard way to begin a concluding paragraph in academic writing.
In closing, let's all raise a glass to the happy couple.
In closing, let's all raise a glass to the happy couple.
Signals the transition from the speech to the actual toast.
In closing, please stop leaving your dirty spoons in the sink!
In closing, please stop leaving your dirty spoons in the sink!
Uses formal language for a slightly sarcastic or humorous effect.
In closing, thank you for considering my application for this role.
In closing, thank you for considering my application for this role.
A polite way to end a professional letter before the signature.
In closing, I hope we can resolve this repair issue quickly.
In closing, I hope we can resolve this repair issue quickly.
Summarizes the main request of the email.
셀프 테스트
Choose the best phrase to finish a formal speech about climate change.
___, we must act now to protect our planet for future generations.
`In closing` is the only option that professionally signals the final, serious takeaway of a speech.
Which punctuation usually follows 'In closing'?
In closing___ I want to thank the board for their support.
In English, introductory phrases like `In closing` are almost always followed by a comma.
🎉 점수: /2
시각 학습 자료
Formality of Closing Phrases
Used with friends or family.
Anyway, I gotta go!
Good for general work tasks.
To wrap things up...
Presentations and essays.
In closing...
Legal or highly academic.
In conclusion...
Where to use 'In Closing'
University Lecture
Summarizing the main theory.
Board Meeting
Finalizing a budget proposal.
Wedding Speech
The final sentimental thought.
Formal Email
Ending a request to a director.
자주 묻는 질문
10 질문No, it is very common in formal writing like essays and cover letters. It helps transition to the final summary paragraph.
Generally, no. It sounds too formal for a text unless you are being intentionally funny or sarcastic with a friend.
In conclusion is slightly more academic, while In closing is often preferred in speeches and presentations because it sounds a bit more personal.
It almost always goes at the very beginning of the sentence, followed by a comma. For example: In closing, I appreciate your time.
No, you should only use it once at the very end. Using it multiple times makes it look like you don't know how to finish.
Yes! It is a great way to summarize why you are the best candidate at the end of the interview.
Not at all. It is a standard, professional expression that is still widely used in modern business and education.
If the email is only two sentences, it is unnecessary. Use it for longer emails where you need to summarize several points.
You can say In closing, I have two final thoughts. This keeps the structure clear for your listeners.
To wrap up is better for casual meetings or workshops. In closing is better for formal presentations or ceremonies.
관련 표현
To sum up
To briefly repeat the main points of a discussion.
In a nutshell
To describe something very briefly and concisely.
All in all
Used to summarize a situation after considering all the facts.
To conclude
A very formal way to signal the end of a piece of work.
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