بناءً على ما سبق
Based on the above
Literalmente: Building upon what preceded
Use this phrase to transition from evidence to a conclusion in formal or professional Arabic settings.
Em 15 segundos
- A formal transition used to summarize or conclude a logical argument.
- Best for professional emails, academic essays, and structured business presentations.
- Signals that the following statement is a direct result of previous facts.
Significado
This phrase is used to draw a logical conclusion or a final decision after presenting a series of facts, arguments, or observations. It's like saying 'In light of everything I just mentioned' or 'Consequently.'
Exemplos-chave
3 de 6Concluding a business report
بناءً على ما سبق، نقترح تأجيل المشروع إلى العام القادم.
Based on the above, we suggest postponing the project until next year.
A student finishing an essay
بناءً على ما سبق، يتضح أن التلوث يؤثر على الصحة العامة.
Based on the above, it is clear that pollution affects public health.
Texting a friend sarcastically about a bad date
لقد تأخر ساعة، ونسي محفظته. بناءً على ما سبق، لن أراه مجدداً!
He was an hour late and forgot his wallet. Based on the above, I won't see him again!
Contexto cultural
The phrase stems from the root 'B-N-Y' (to build), reflecting the architectural way Arabic speakers view logic—as a structure built from the ground up. It gained massive popularity in modern standard Arabic through its use in legal and administrative frameworks across the Middle East. It is a hallmark of the 'official' style used by news anchors and diplomats.
The Comma Rule
Always place a comma after this phrase. It gives your audience a tiny breath to prepare for your big conclusion.
Don't Overuse It
If you use it three times in one email, you'll sound like a legal contract. Use it once at the very end for maximum impact.
Em 15 segundos
- A formal transition used to summarize or conclude a logical argument.
- Best for professional emails, academic essays, and structured business presentations.
- Signals that the following statement is a direct result of previous facts.
What It Means
Think of this phrase as the logical glue of the Arabic language. It acts as a bridge. It connects the evidence you just provided to the conclusion you are about to make. When you use بناءً على ما سبق, you are telling your listener that your next point isn't just a random thought. It is a direct result of the facts already laid out. It is the 'mic drop' of formal reasoning. It signals that the setup is over and the verdict is coming.
How To Use It
You will almost always find this phrase at the start of a sentence. It usually follows a list of points, a paragraph of data, or a long explanation. You don't need to add much to it. Just drop the phrase, add a comma, and state your conclusion. It works beautifully in writing. It also works well in structured speech. It makes you sound like someone who has thought their argument through. You are building a house of logic, brick by brick.
When To Use It
This is your go-to for anything professional or academic. Use it in a business report after listing the quarterly losses. Use it in a university essay to summarize your findings. It is perfect for legal documents or formal emails to a professor. If you are giving a presentation, this phrase helps your audience follow your flow. It tells them, 'Pay attention, here is the final takeaway.' It adds a layer of authority to your voice.
When NOT To Use It
Avoid this phrase in casual, everyday settings unless you are being funny. Using it while ordering a shawarma will make the shop owner laugh. 'The sun is hot. I am hungry. Based on the above, I want a sandwich.' This sounds like a robot trying to be human. Don't use it with close friends during a relaxed chat. It is too stiff for a night out. It can make you seem distant or overly clinical if used in emotional, personal conversations.
Cultural Background
Arabic culture deeply values the art of rhetoric and logic, known as Mantiq. Historically, scholars used very specific transition phrases to ensure their arguments were airtight. بناءً على ما سبق is a modern descendant of that tradition. It reflects a cultural preference for structured, deductive reasoning in formal settings. Using it shows you have a high level of education. It demonstrates respect for the formal standards of the Arabic language.
Common Variations
You might hear بناءً عليه, which means 'Based on it' or 'Accordingly.' It is a bit shorter and punchier. Another variation is انطلاقاً مما سبق, which means 'Starting from what preceded.' This one feels a bit more dynamic. If you want to sound very traditional, you might use تأسيساً على ما ذكر. This literally means 'Establishing upon what was mentioned.' All of these serve the same purpose: they turn your previous words into a foundation for your next point.
Notas de uso
This is a high-register phrase. It is perfect for C1 level learners looking to polish their academic writing or professional speaking. Avoid using it in intimate or highly casual settings to prevent sounding robotic.
The Comma Rule
Always place a comma after this phrase. It gives your audience a tiny breath to prepare for your big conclusion.
Don't Overuse It
If you use it three times in one email, you'll sound like a legal contract. Use it once at the very end for maximum impact.
The 'Building' Metaphor
The word 'Bina' (building) is used because in Arabic thought, a good argument is like a sturdy tower. Each point is a floor.
Exemplos
6بناءً على ما سبق، نقترح تأجيل المشروع إلى العام القادم.
Based on the above, we suggest postponing the project until next year.
Here, it summarizes the reasons for a delay and offers a solution.
بناءً على ما سبق، يتضح أن التلوث يؤثر على الصحة العامة.
Based on the above, it is clear that pollution affects public health.
Used to link research findings to a final summary statement.
لقد تأخر ساعة، ونسي محفظته. بناءً على ما سبق، لن أراه مجدداً!
He was an hour late and forgot his wallet. Based on the above, I won't see him again!
The formal phrase is used here for comedic effect in a casual situation.
بناءً على ما سبق من أدلة، قررت المحكمة براءة المتهم.
Based on the preceding evidence, the court has decided to acquit the defendant.
A classic legal usage where 'the above' refers to the evidence presented.
لقد أكلت الكثير من الحلوى. بناءً على ما سبق، لا يوجد آيس كريم اليوم.
You ate a lot of sweets. Based on the above, there is no ice cream today.
Used by a parent to sound firm and logical.
لم نعد نتفق على شيء. بناءً على ما سبق، أعتقد أن علينا الانفصال.
We no longer agree on anything. Based on the above, I think we should break up.
Adds a sense of finality and cold logic to an emotional moment.
Teste-se
Choose the correct phrase to complete the formal conclusion.
لقد انتهينا من تحليل البيانات، و___، سنبدأ التنفيذ.
The context is data analysis leading to action, requiring a formal logical connector.
Which phrase fits best in a legal context?
___ من شهادات، ثبتت إدانة الجاني.
Legal contexts require the high formality of 'Building upon what preceded.'
🎉 Pontuação: /2
Recursos visuais
Formality Spectrum of 'Based on the above'
Talking to siblings about dinner.
إذن (So...)
Explaining a plan to a colleague.
عشان هيك (That's why...)
Writing an official email or report.
بناءً على ما سبق
Legal rulings or academic thesis.
تأسيساً على ما سلف ذكره
When to use 'بناءً على ما سبق'
University Lecture
Summarizing a theory.
Corporate Meeting
Deciding on a budget.
Legal Court
Linking evidence to a verdict.
Sarcastic Texting
Listing a friend's mistakes.
Perguntas frequentes
10 perguntasYes, but mostly in formal speeches, news broadcasts, or high-level business meetings. You won't hear it in a grocery store.
Only if you are being ironic or very serious. It's like texting 'Therefore' to a friend—it feels a bit dramatic.
بناءً عليه is shorter and means 'Based on it.' بناءً على ما سبق specifically refers to everything mentioned before it.
Absolutely. In fact, it is designed to be a sentence starter to link two separate ideas.
No, it is a fixed expression. You don't need to worry about gender or number agreement.
Probably not. It's too clinical. It makes love sound like a math equation.
You could use وعشان هيك (and because of that) or simply إذن (so/then).
It can refer to written text or spoken words. It literally means 'that which preceded.'
The phrase itself is Modern Standard Arabic (MSA), so it is understood everywhere, but people use dialect versions in daily life.
No, because nothing has 'preceded' yet. Use it only after you have presented some facts.
Frases relacionadas
بناءً عليه
Accordingly / Based on it
وعليه فإن
And consequently...
من هذا المنطلق
From this standpoint
نتيجة لذلك
As a result of that
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