B2 verb_system 3 min de leitura

Expressing Sudden

Combine a verb stem with `उठना` or `पड़ना` to transform a simple action into a sudden, dramatic event.

The Rule in 30 Seconds

  • Use 'root verb + uthna' for sudden bursts.
  • Use 'root verb + padna' for sudden falls/changes.
  • Only conjugate the second verb (helper).
  • Avoid using in negative sentences.

Quick Reference

Main Verb (Stem) Helper Verb Combined Meaning Example
बोल (Speak) उठना (Rise) Speak up suddenly वह बोल उठा (He spoke up)
रो (Cry) पड़ना (Fall) Burst into tears वह रो पड़ी (She burst out crying)
चमक (Shine) उठना (Rise) Flare up / Sparkle बिजली चमक उठी (Lightning flashed)
हंस (Laugh) पड़ना (Fall) Burst out laughing वे हंस पड़े (They burst out laughing)
चल (Walk) पड़ना (Fall) Set off / Start हम चल पड़े (We set off)
चौंक (Startle) उठना (Rise) Get startled मैं चौंक उठा (I got startled)

Exemplos-chave

3 de 9
1

Sannate mein vah achanak bol utha.

In the silence, he suddenly spoke up.

2

Khabar sunkar maa ro padin.

Hearing the news, mom burst into tears.

3

Dard ke maare vah cheekh utha.

He screamed out in pain.

💡

The 'Oops' Factor

Think of `पड़ना` as the 'Oops' verb. It often describes things that happen to you (falling, crying) rather than things you plan to do.

⚠️

Negative Zone

Never say `nahi bol utha`. It sounds like 'He didn't suddenly speak.' Just say `nahi bola`.

The Rule in 30 Seconds

  • Use 'root verb + uthna' for sudden bursts.
  • Use 'root verb + padna' for sudden falls/changes.
  • Only conjugate the second verb (helper).
  • Avoid using in negative sentences.

Overview

Ever had a moment where you just *burst* out laughing? or a bird suddenly *flew* away before you could snap a pic? That's exactly what we're tackling today. In Hindi, simple verbs describe actions, but they don't always capture the *drama* or the *suddenness* of the moment. To fix that, Hindi uses a cool feature called "Compound Verbs." Specifically, we're looking at how to take a boring verb and make it pop with sudden energy. It's like adding an exclamation mark to your action! 💥

How This Grammar Works

Think of this as a "Flavor Booster." You have your main verb (the meat of the sentence) and you add a helper verb (the spice). For expressing suddenness, our go-to spices are उठना (uthna - literally "to rise") and पड़ना (padna - literally "to fall").

When you combine a main verb stem with one of these, you strip the literal meaning of "rising" or "falling." Instead, उठना adds a vibe of "starting suddenly" or "bursting out," while पड़ना often adds a sense of "sudden change of state" or "uncontrollable occurrence." It's the difference between "He spoke" (boring) and "He spoke up!" (dramatic).

Formation Pattern

  1. 1Here is the secret recipe. It's easier than making chai, promise.
  2. 2Take the Main Verb: Remove the ना (na) to get the stem. (e.g., बोलना → बोल)
  3. 3Choose the Helper:
  4. 4Use उठना for sudden, active starts (often vocal or emotional).
  5. 5Use पड़ना for sudden changes of state or uncontrollable actions.
  6. 6Conjugate the Helper: Only the helper verb (उठना/पड़ना) changes for tense, gender, and number. The main stem stays frozen.
  7. 7Formula: Root Verb + Conjugated उठना / पड़ना

When To Use It

  • Sudden Emotions: When someone bursts into tears (रो पड़ना) or laughter (हंस पड़ना).
  • Startling Events: When something flashes (चमक उठना) or startles you (चौंक उठना).
  • Sudden Speech: When someone interjects or speaks up suddenly (बोल उठना).
  • Unplanned Actions: When you trip and fall (गिर पड़ना) – gravity is sudden, folks.

When Not To Use It

  • Negative Sentences: You generally don't use these in negative sentences. You wouldn't say "He didn't speak up suddenly." You'd just say "He didn't speak." Compound verbs love positive vibes only.
  • Continuous Tense: While possible, it's rare and sounds clunky to say "He is bursting out laughing." It's usually a one-time, done deal.
  • With 'sakna' or 'chuka': Don't stack too many helpers. Keep it simple.

Common Mistakes

  • Translating Literally: वह बोल उठा does NOT mean "He spoke and stood up." Please don't make him stand up every time he talks.
  • Wrong Helper: Using उठना with movement verbs often sounds weird. You चल पड़े (set off/started moving), you don't चल उठे.
  • Overusing It: If every sentence has a sudden burst, your story sounds like aMichael Bay movie. Use it for *impact*.

Contrast With Similar Patterns

  • Simple Past (उसने बोला): Factual. "He spoke." Zero drama.
  • Compound (वह बोल उठा): Dramatic. "He spoke up (suddenly)!" High drama.
  • Inceptive (वह बोलने लगा): Process. "He started speaking." Focuses on the beginning of a continuous action, not the suddenness.

Quick FAQ

Q: Can I use उठना with transitive verbs?

Rarely. It loves intransitive verbs (actions involving just the doer, like laughing or speaking).

Q: What if I use जाना (jana) instead?

जाना implies completion (खा जाना - eat up), not necessarily suddenness. Different flavor!

Q: Is this formal or slang?

It's standard Hindi! You'll hear it in news, movies, and gossip sessions alike.

Reference Table

Main Verb (Stem) Helper Verb Combined Meaning Example
बोल (Speak) उठना (Rise) Speak up suddenly वह बोल उठा (He spoke up)
रो (Cry) पड़ना (Fall) Burst into tears वह रो पड़ी (She burst out crying)
चमक (Shine) उठना (Rise) Flare up / Sparkle बिजली चमक उठी (Lightning flashed)
हंस (Laugh) पड़ना (Fall) Burst out laughing वे हंस पड़े (They burst out laughing)
चल (Walk) पड़ना (Fall) Set off / Start हम चल पड़े (We set off)
चौंक (Startle) उठना (Rise) Get startled मैं चौंक उठा (I got startled)
💡

The 'Oops' Factor

Think of `पड़ना` as the 'Oops' verb. It often describes things that happen to you (falling, crying) rather than things you plan to do.

⚠️

Negative Zone

Never say `nahi bol utha`. It sounds like 'He didn't suddenly speak.' Just say `nahi bola`.

🎯

Storytelling Gold

If you're telling a story in Hindi, sprinkle 1-2 of these in the climax. It instantly makes you sound fluent and dramatic.

💬

Drama Queens

Bollywood dialogues love `उठना`. 'Dil dhadak utha' (The heart beat suddenly/wildly) is a classic trope!

Exemplos

9
#1 सन्नाटे में वह अचानक बोल उठा।

Sannate mein vah achanak bol utha.

Focus: बोल उठा

In the silence, he suddenly spoke up.

Classic use of 'uthna' for vocal outburst.

#2 खबर सुनकर मां रो पड़ीं।

Khabar sunkar maa ro padin.

Focus: रो पड़ीं

Hearing the news, mom burst into tears.

'Padna' implies a loss of control here.

#3 दर्द के मारे वह चीख उठा।

Dard ke maare vah cheekh utha.

Focus: चीख उठा

He screamed out in pain.

Involuntary sudden vocal action.

#4 सब लोग ज़ोर से हंस पड़े।

Sab log zor se hans pade.

Focus: हंस पड़े

Everyone burst out laughing loudly.

Group action, sudden onset.

#5 अचानक बारिश होने लगी। (NOT a compound for suddenness)

Achanak baarish hone lagi.

Focus: होने लगी

Suddenly it started raining.

Use 'lagna' for weather starts, not 'uthna'.

#6 उसने यह नहीं बोल उठा। ✗ (Wrong)

Usne yeh nahi bol utha.

Focus: नहीं बोल उठा

He didn't speak up suddenly.

Mistake! Don't use with negatives. Use simple past: 'vah nahi bola'.

#7 वह नहीं बोला। ✓ (Correct)

Vah nahi bola.

Focus: नहीं बोला

He didn't speak.

Correct negative form.

#8 देखते ही देखते आग भड़क उठी।

Dekhte hi dekhte aag bhadak uthi.

Focus: भड़क उठी

In the blink of an eye, the fire flared up.

Advanced: Used with non-living things (fire).

#9 शेर को देखकर हिरन भाग खड़ा हुआ।

Sher ko dekhkar hiran bhaag khada hua.

Focus: भाग खड़ा हुआ

Seeing the lion, the deer bolted.

Edge Case: 'khada hona' is sometimes used for sudden movement stops/starts.

Teste-se

Choose the correct compound verb for 'burst out laughing'.

जोक सुनकर वह ज़ोर से ___।

✓ Correto! ✗ Quase. Resposta certa: हंस पड़ा

'Padna' is the correct auxiliary for bursting into sudden laughter or crying.

Complete the sentence: 'The baby woke up suddenly.'

आवाज़ से बच्चा ___।

✓ Correto! ✗ Quase. Resposta certa: जाग उठा

'Jaag utha' captures the sudden startle of waking up better than simple 'gaya'.

Identify the incorrect sentence.

Which sentence is unnatural?

✓ Correto! ✗ Quase. Resposta certa: वह नहीं चिल्ला उठा।

Compound verbs for suddenness are almost never used in negative sentences.

🎉 Pontuação: /3

Recursos visuais

Uthna vs. Padna: The Showdown

उठना (Uthna) ⬆️
चौंक उठना Startle up
जाग उठना Wake up suddenly
पड़ना (Padna) ⬇️
हंस पड़ना Burst laughing
चल पड़ना Set off/Start

Which Helper Do I Choose?

1

Is it a sudden vocal noise?

YES ↓
NO
Check for Change of State
2

Is it 'laugh' or 'cry'?

YES ↓
NO
Use उठना (e.g., cheekh uthna)
3

Use पड़ना

YES ↓
NO
...

Verb Pairing Cheat Sheet

🔥

Fire & Light

  • • चमक उठना
  • • जल उठना
😭

Emotion

  • • रो पड़ना
  • • हंस पड़ना
🏃

Movement

  • • चल पड़ना
  • • भाग उठना

Perguntas frequentes

20 perguntas

No, mostly with intransitive verbs. You can't say main pizza kha utha. That sounds like the pizza ate you.

बोलना is just the act of speaking. बोल उठना implies speaking up suddenly, perhaps interrupting someone or breaking silence.

Yes! वह बोल उठेगा (He will speak up suddenly). It works in all tenses, though Past Perfective is most common.

Laughter is often seen as an uncontrollable outburst, similar to falling (gir padna). Hence, hans padna.

Not really. For starting movement, we usually say चल पड़ना (to set off). चल उठना sounds like you walked while rising.

You don't! Revert to the simple verb. Instead of वह नहीं रो पड़ी, say वह नहीं रोई.

Literally yes, but as a helper, it means 'onset' or 'outbreak'. In चमक उठना (shine up/suddenly), nothing is physically moving up.

It's grammatically rare. रो पड़ना is the standard collocation. रो उठना might imply wailing suddenly, but stick to पड़ना.

बैठना implies doing something foolishly or rashly (कर बैठना). It's different from the suddenness of उठना.

It is standard Hindi, used in both formal literature and casual chat. It's not slang.

Avoid it. बोल उठ सकना is messy. Keep it to one helper for clarity.

No! The main verb stays in the root form (बोल, रो). Only the helper (उठा/उठी, पड़ा/पड़ी) changes.

जाना (completeness) implies the action is finished. खा जाना (eat up). उठना implies the action *started* suddenly.

Usually चीख उठना because it's a vocal outburst like बोल उठना.

Yes, डर उठना (to get suddenly scared) is valid, though डर जाना is more common for 'getting scared'.

That's motion, so specific verbs apply. But for the *action* of bursting in, you might use context rather than just उठना.

No. You 'wake up' (जाग उठना), but you don't 'sleep up'. Sleeping is a settling action, usually सो जाना.

Simple Past (Past Indefinite). It describes a completed event in the past.

लगना (to begin) is different. बोलने लगा = began to speak (process). बोल उठा = spoke up (instant).

All the time. Watch any Bollywood drama. If someone gets shocked, they चौंक उठे.

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