연쇄

The production of offspring by a sexual or asexual process. In an academic sense, it refers to the increase in number of a species.

The process by which green plants and some other organisms use sunlight to synthesize nutrients from carbon dioxide and water.

The chemical processes that occur within a living organism in order to maintain life, including the conversion of food to energy.

A celestial body moving in an elliptical orbit around a star (such as the sun).

To produce offspring; to reproduce or multiply in number. This is a core biological term for TOEFL.

To become smaller or tighter; to contract. The opposite of '팽창하다'.

The branch of science that deals with celestial objects, space, and the physical universe as a whole. A very common topic in TOEFL listening lectures.

The act of bursting or forcing out something, such as lava from a volcano or emotions from a person. It implies a sudden and powerful release.

The release or emission of something, such as light, heat, gas, or radiation. It can also refer to releasing a player from a sports team.

The action of becoming larger or more extensive in size, volume, or scope. Often used in physics (gases) or economics (market expansion).