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To systematically gather data, information, or samples for study or analysis. It is a fundamental step in scientific research and academic writing.

To derive, draw, or reach a conclusion, result, or solution through a process of reasoning or investigation.

To be significant or meaningful, especially in a statistical or academic context where results are unlikely to have occurred by chance. It implies that a finding has importance or relevance to the subject being studied.

A small part or quantity intended to show what the whole is like. In statistics, it is a subset of a population used for research.

Relating to, measuring, or measured by the quantity of something rather than its quality. It focuses on numbers and data.

Relating to, measuring, or measured by the quality of something (characteristics, properties) rather than its quantity.

Relating to the quality or standard of something rather than its quantity. It focuses on the nature or character of an object or phenomenon in academic contexts.

The degree to which a measurement, test, or research finding can be depended on to be accurate or consistent. In academic research, it refers to the stability of results over time.

The quality of being effective or valid; the degree to which something achieves its intended purpose or meets standards.

A set of questions used to gather information or opinions from a group of people; a survey or questionnaire.