bureaucracy
A complex system of administration characterized by specialized functions, adherence to fixed rules, and a hierarchy of authority. While essential for organizing large institutions, it is often used pejoratively to describe inefficiency and excessive 'red tape'.
أمثلة
3 من 5I spent the entire afternoon navigating the local bureaucracy to get a simple parking permit.
I spent the entire afternoon navigating the local bureaucracy to get a simple parking permit.
The state must implement reforms to streamline the federal bureaucracy and improve public transparency.
The state must implement reforms to streamline the federal bureaucracy and improve public transparency.
Trying to get a straight answer from that insurance company is like fighting a brick wall of bureaucracy.
Trying to get a straight answer from that insurance company is like fighting a brick wall of bureaucracy.
الأضداد
عائلة الكلمة
نصيحة للحفظ
Remember 'Bureau' is French for 'desk' or 'office'. Think of a room full of desks where paper is moved from one to another—that is a bureaucracy.
اختبار سريع
The startup's growth was hindered by the _______ of the large corporation that acquired it.
صحيح!
الإجابة الصحيحة هي: bureaucracy
أمثلة
I spent the entire afternoon navigating the local bureaucracy to get a simple parking permit.
everydayI spent the entire afternoon navigating the local bureaucracy to get a simple parking permit.
The state must implement reforms to streamline the federal bureaucracy and improve public transparency.
formalThe state must implement reforms to streamline the federal bureaucracy and improve public transparency.
Trying to get a straight answer from that insurance company is like fighting a brick wall of bureaucracy.
informalTrying to get a straight answer from that insurance company is like fighting a brick wall of bureaucracy.
Max Weber famously analyzed bureaucracy as a rational-legal framework necessary for modern industrial societies.
academicMax Weber famously analyzed bureaucracy as a rational-legal framework necessary for modern industrial societies.
Our international expansion has been significantly slowed down by the heavy bureaucracy of the local regulatory bodies.
businessOur international expansion has been significantly slowed down by the heavy bureaucracy of the local regulatory bodies.
الأضداد
عائلة الكلمة
تلازمات شائعة
العبارات الشائعة
red tape
excessive regulation or rigid conformity to formal rules
administrative burden
the cost and time spent complying with regulations
entrenched bureaucracy
a system of administration that is very difficult to change
يُخلط عادةً مع
Democracy refers to rule by the people/elected officials, whereas bureaucracy refers to the administrative system of non-elected officials.
Autocracy is rule by one person with absolute power, whereas bureaucracy is rule through complex administrative layers.
ملاحظات الاستخدام
In academic writing, use 'bureaucracy' neutrally to describe organizational structures. In political or everyday contexts, it almost always carries a negative connotation of being slow or inefficient.
أخطاء شائعة
The most common mistake is spelling; learners often forget the 'eau' (from French) or the 'cracy' ending. Another mistake is using 'bureaucracy' when you simply mean 'government'.
نصيحة للحفظ
Remember 'Bureau' is French for 'desk' or 'office'. Think of a room full of desks where paper is moved from one to another—that is a bureaucracy.
أصل الكلمة
From the French word 'bureau' (desk, office) and the Greek suffix '-kratia' (power or rule).
أنماط نحوية
السياق الثقافي
In many Western cultures, bureaucracy is a common trope for government inefficiency and is frequently satirized in media (e.g., the film 'Brazil' or 'The Office').
اختبار سريع
The startup's growth was hindered by the _______ of the large corporation that acquired it.
صحيح!
الإجابة الصحيحة هي: bureaucracy
مفردات ذات صلة
كلمات ذات صلة
unknown
A1A person or thing that is not known, recognized, or familiar. It often refers to a mysterious situation or a person who has not yet achieved fame or success.
of
A1A preposition used to show a relationship between a part and a whole, or to indicate belonging and origin. It connects a noun or pronoun to another part of the sentence to specify which one or what kind.
in
A1A preposition used to indicate position within a container, a space, an area, or a period of time. It describes being surrounded by something or being inside the boundaries of a location.
it
A1A third-person singular pronoun used to refer to an object, animal, or situation that has already been mentioned or is clear from context. It is also frequently used as a dummy subject to talk about time, weather, or distance.
on
A1A preposition used to indicate that something is in a position above and supported by a surface. It is also used to indicate a specific day or date, or to show that a device is functioning.
as
A1A conjunction used to compare two things that are equal in some way. It is most commonly used in the pattern 'as + adjective/adverb + as' to show similarity.
this
A1Used to identify a specific person, thing, or idea that is physically close to the speaker or has just been mentioned. It can also refer to the present time or a situation that is currently happening.
by
A1A preposition used to show the method or means of doing something, or to identify the person or thing that performs an action. It frequently appears in passive sentences to indicate the agent or before modes of transport.
we
A1The word 'we' is a first-person plural pronoun used to refer to the speaker and one or more other people collectively. It is used as the subject of a sentence or clause.
or
A1A coordinating conjunction used to connect two or more possibilities or alternatives. it indicates that only one of the options is likely, required, or true.
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