通过以上论述
Through the above discussion
حرفيًا: Through (通过) above (以上) discussion/argument (论述)
Use this phrase to sound professional and logical when concluding a formal argument or presentation.
في 15 ثانية
- A formal transition used to introduce a conclusion.
- Common in academic writing, business reports, and speeches.
- Signals that the evidence-giving portion of a talk is finished.
المعنى
This phrase is like saying 'Based on everything I just laid out' or 'Given the points mentioned.' It is a formal way to transition from your arguments to your final conclusion.
أمثلة رئيسية
3 من 6Writing a university essay
通过以上论述，我们可以看到环境保护的紧迫性。
Through the above discussion, we can see the urgency of environmental protection.
Giving a business presentation
通过以上论述，我建议公司明年增加研发投入。
Through the above discussion, I suggest the company increase R&D investment next year.
A formal debate
通过以上论述，对方辩友的观点显然站不住脚。
Through the above discussion, it is clear that the opponent's view is untenable.
خلفية ثقافية
In Chinese education, students are taught to use specific 'connector' phrases to ensure their logic is undeniable. This phrase reflects the 'Baguwen' (Eight-Legged Essay) tradition of the imperial exams, where structural precision was as important as the content itself. Today, it remains a staple of the 'Standard Mandarin' used in government reports and academic journals.
The 'Comma' Rule
Always follow this phrase with a comma. It acts as a breath for the reader before you deliver your big conclusion.
Don't be a 'Textbook'
Avoid using this in casual chats. It makes you sound like you're reading from a manual. Stick to `所以` (suǒyǐ) with friends.
في 15 ثانية
- A formal transition used to introduce a conclusion.
- Common in academic writing, business reports, and speeches.
- Signals that the evidence-giving portion of a talk is finished.
What It Means
Think of 通过以上论述 as the bridge between your evidence and your verdict. It tells your audience that the 'learning' phase is over and the 'decision' phase has begun. It is a signal that you have provided enough proof to justify your next statement. It is very logical and structured.
How To Use It
You usually place this phrase at the very beginning of a concluding sentence. It is almost always followed by a comma. After the comma, you should provide a clear conclusion or a call to action. For example, you might say, 通过以上论述，我们可以得出结论... (Through the above discussion, we can conclude...). It makes you sound organized and authoritative.
When To Use It
This is your go-to phrase for formal writing and speaking. Use it in university essays to wrap up a paragraph or the whole paper. It is perfect for business presentations when you are about to show the final 'ask' or result. If you are in a formal debate or a serious meeting, this phrase will make you sound like a pro. It shows you have a clear train of thought.
When NOT To Use It
Avoid this phrase in casual settings at all costs. If you say this to a friend while deciding where to eat lunch, they will think you are acting like a professor. Do not use it in quick text messages or during a relaxed dinner. It is too 'heavy' for everyday life. Using it while flirting would be a total disaster—unless you are trying to be ironically hilarious.
Cultural Background
Chinese academic and professional culture places a high value on 'structure.' A good argument is expected to have a clear beginning, middle, and end. This phrase is a hallmark of the 'Eight-Legged Essay' legacy, where logical transitions were mandatory. It reflects a culture that respects formal logic and clearly defined conclusions.
Common Variations
If you want to sound even more formal, try 综上所述 (zòng shàng suǒ shù), which means 'to summarize the above.' If you want something slightly shorter, you can use 由此可见 (yóu cǐ kě jiàn), meaning 'from this, it can be seen.' Both serve a similar purpose but vary slightly in their 'flavor.'
ملاحظات الاستخدام
This phrase is strictly formal. It is best used in written reports, essays, or prepared speeches. Using it in casual conversation is usually interpreted as irony or humor.
The 'Comma' Rule
Always follow this phrase with a comma. It acts as a breath for the reader before you deliver your big conclusion.
Don't be a 'Textbook'
Avoid using this in casual chats. It makes you sound like you're reading from a manual. Stick to `所以` (suǒyǐ) with friends.
The Power of Three
In Chinese rhetoric, it's common to list three points before using this phrase. It creates a 'rhythm of logic' that is very satisfying to native ears.
أمثلة
6通过以上论述，我们可以看到环境保护的紧迫性。
Through the above discussion, we can see the urgency of environmental protection.
This is the classic way to end a paragraph in a formal paper.
通过以上论述，我建议公司明年增加研发投入。
Through the above discussion, I suggest the company increase R&D investment next year.
Used here to lead into a strategic recommendation.
通过以上论述，对方辩友的观点显然站不住脚。
Through the above discussion, it is clear that the opponent's view is untenable.
A strong, assertive way to wrap up a rebuttal.
通过以上论述，你今天必须请我喝奶茶。
Through the above discussion, you must treat me to milk tea today.
Using a very formal phrase for a trivial matter creates a humorous effect.
通过以上论述，我希望贵司能尽快给出合理的赔偿方案。
Through the above discussion, I hope your company can provide a reasonable compensation plan as soon as possible.
Adds weight and seriousness to a formal demand.
通过以上论述，我想大家都能理解我为什么要辞职了。
Through the above discussion, I think everyone can understand why I want to resign.
Used to bring clarity to an emotional or heavy personal topic.
اختبر نفسك
Choose the correct phrase to complete this formal conclusion.
___，本研究认为该政策对经济增长具有显著促进作用。
The sentence is a formal research conclusion, so the formal transition `通过以上论述` is the only appropriate choice.
Which phrase makes this business recommendation sound most professional?
经理，___，我认为我们需要调整市场策略。
While 'I thought about it' (我想了想) is okay, `通过以上论述` implies you have provided evidence, making the suggestion more persuasive.
🎉 النتيجة: /2
وسائل تعلم بصرية
Formality Spectrum of Concluding Phrases
Talking to friends
所以说 (Suǒyǐ shuō)
General explanation
总的来说 (Zǒng de lái shuō)
Reports and Essays
通过以上论述 (Tōngguò yǐshàng lùnshù)
Academic Journals
综上所述 (Zòng shàng suǒ shù)
Where to use '通过以上论述'
University Thesis
Concluding a chapter
Boardroom Meeting
Finalizing a proposal
Legal Document
Summarizing evidence
Formal Speech
Ending a keynote
الأسئلة الشائعة
10 أسئلة论述 (lùnshù) means to discuss or expound on a topic in a structured way. It is much more formal than just 'talking' or 'chatting.'
No, it is also used in formal speeches and presentations. However, you rarely hear it in spontaneous, casual conversation.
No, because '以上' means 'above' or 'previously mentioned.' You must have already said something before you can use this phrase.
综上所述 is slightly more formal and often used to summarize many points, while 通过以上论述 focuses on the logical argument you just made.
Absolutely. It is a classic B2/C1 level phrase that will help you score higher on the writing section of the HSK.
Yes, if the email is a formal report or a serious proposal. If it's just asking for a day off, it's too formal.
You could use 由此可见 (From this, it can be seen), which is shorter but still maintains a formal tone.
Not at all. It is standard modern Chinese for professional and academic contexts.
Yes! It is a powerful way to signal that you have finished your argument and are ready for the conclusion.
They will likely laugh and ask why you are talking like a news anchor or a professor. It's great for sarcasm!
عبارات ذات صلة
综上所述 (To summarize)
由此可见 (From this it can be seen)
总而言之 (In short / All in all)
基于上述理由 (Based on the reasons above)
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