استخلاص

The act of two objects rubbing against each other (friction). Metaphorically, it refers to social interaction, contact, or conflict between different groups or ideas.

The quality of being reliable and trustworthy; in research, it refers to the consistency of a measure or result.

The process of emerging, flowing out, or coming into existence from a source.

The following of one thing after another in time or order; a succession or sequence.

A fact or situation that is observed to exist or happen, especially one whose cause or explanation is in question.

The extent to which something is probable; the likelihood of something happening or being the case.

A system of ideas intended to explain something, especially one based on general principles independent of the thing to be explained. It represents a formal statement of the rules on which a subject of study is based.

The available facts, information, or data upon which a conclusion is based or a decision is made.

A small part or quantity intended to show what the whole is like; a specimen or representative group used in research.

The process of reaching a general conclusion by examining specific examples; induction or inference from observations.