社会的

Harmful effects, evils, or negative consequences resulting from a particular system, habit, or situation.

Very serious, grave, or critical. Often used to describe problems that have significant negative effects.

The actual condition or reality of a situation, especially as opposed to how it is supposed to be or how it appears.

A thing that a person or group does or has done; the state of being active.

Being close together or having a very close connection or relationship.

The power or right to give orders, make decisions, and enforce obedience, or a person with expert knowledge. Frequently used in IELTS when discussing leadership or academic expertise.

The process of a liquid gradually passing through a substance, or the gradual spread of ideas, culture, or influence. Used in IELTS for chemistry or sociology.

The process of a structure or system falling down or giving way. Frequently used in IELTS to describe economic bubbles or social structures failing.

To lead, guide, or be at the forefront of a movement, group, or trend. It implies being a pioneer or taking the initiative.

A system of official rules that a country or community recognizes as regulating the actions of its members and may enforce by the imposition of penalties. It specifically refers to statutes and legislation passed by a governing body.