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The state of changing or fluctuating. It is mostly used to describe changes in numbers, prices, weather, or unstable situations.

To be very rare or scarce, meaning the supply is much less than the demand. It is a fundamental concept in economics regarding resource allocation.

The efficiency of production, typically measured as the ratio of output to input. It indicates how much is produced per unit of effort or time.

Relating to the whole of something rather than its parts; macroscopic. It involves looking at a large-scale or general perspective rather than focusing on small details.

To move upward or to increase in value, level, or quantity. It is frequently used in academic contexts to describe rising trends in data or prices.

Relating to small-scale or specific details rather than the whole; microscopic. It focuses on individual components or small groups within a larger system.

The management of large amounts of money, especially by governments or large companies. It refers to financial affairs, revenue, and expenditure.

Relating to the economy or the system of production and consumption. It can also mean 'economical' in the sense of avoiding waste.

The state of supplying one's own needs without external assistance, particularly regarding food or essential resources.

The desire of consumers, clients, or users for a particular commodity or service. It is a fundamental concept in economics paired with supply.