技法

A legal process where a court re-examines a case that has already reached a final judgment. It is typically granted when new evidence is discovered or if a significant error occurred during the original trial.

A system where you pay a small amount of money regularly to a company or the government so that they will pay for costs if you get sick, injured, or have an accident. It provides financial protection and peace of mind against unexpected risks.

A guarantee or collateral provided to ensure the fulfillment of a debt or obligation. It refers to assets or promises used to secure a loan or to make certain that a specific outcome is achieved.

A security or collateral provided to a lender to guarantee the repayment of a debt or loan. It refers to the asset that the creditor can claim if the borrower fails to fulfill their financial obligation.

A legal or financial obligation to pay back money or perform a specific duty to another party. While similar to 'debt', it is a formal term used in legal and business contexts to describe liabilities.

A legal right to demand a payment or performance from another person, typically a debtor. It represents the 'creditor's side' of a debt relationship, giving them the authority to receive what is owed.

The act of providing or obtaining funds, typically in the form of a loan from a financial institution for business or investment purposes. It refers to the circulation of capital where money is lent with the expectation of repayment, often with interest.

The act of lending money or capital to another party, typically with the expectation of repayment and interest. It is most commonly used in financial, legal, or institutional contexts rather than casual borrowing between friends.

A payment made in advance before goods or services are received. It is a common system in online shopping, rentals, and service contracts to secure a transaction.

Deferred payment or paying for a product or service after it has been received. This method is commonly used in online shopping where a bill is sent along with the package for payment at a later date.