Advanced Passive Strategies in Literary

In standard Hindi, we love our subjects. We say 'The boy ate the fruit.' But in literary passive, the fruit takes center stage. The subject often disappears entirely. If you must include the subject, use dwara. This is much more formal than the usual se. The verb stops caring about the person who did the work. Instead, the verb follows the gender and number of the object. If the object is feminine, the verb becomes feminine. If the object is plural, the verb follows suit. It creates a sense of distance and formality. It is like looking at a painting rather than watching a movie. The focus is on the finished state or the event itself.

1. 1Creating this look is a step-by-step process. Follow these rules carefully:
2. 2Identify your object. This is now your grammatical star.
3. 3Take the main verb and turn it into its past participle form. For example, likhna becomes likha.
4. 4Add the auxiliary verb jaana. This is the engine of the passive voice.
5. 5Conjugate jaana according to the tense you need.
6. 6Match the gender and number of both verbs to the object.
7. 7For formal contexts, use kiya jaana (to be done) or paaya jaana (to be found).
8. 8If you mention the actor, place them before ke dwara.
9. 9Example: Prastav (Object) + parit (Root) + kiya gaya (Auxiliary).

Use this when you want to sound like a BBC Hindi presenter. It is perfect for journalism. 'A decision was taken' sounds more neutral than 'The Minister took a decision.' Use it in legal documents or official contracts. It is great for academic papers where 'I' or 'We' feels too personal. Use it in poetry to create a sense of fate or mystery. It is also useful when the actor is unknown. Imagine a crime scene; 'The glass was broken' is all you know. Use it in job interviews when describing company achievements. It shows you understand professional decorum. It is the 'suit and tie' of Hindi sentence structures.

Do not use this at a family dinner. You will sound like a robot or a textbook. Avoid it when ordering street food like golgappa. Saying 'Golgappas are being requested by me' will get you weird looks. Do not use it in intimate or emotional conversations. It creates too much distance between people. If the action is quick and personal, stick to the active voice. Don't use it if the subject is the most important part. If your friend won a race, say 'He won!' not 'The race was won by him.' Think of it like a grammar traffic light. Red light for casual chats, green light for formal writing.

Even advanced speakers trip up here sometimes. The biggest mistake is gender mismatch. If the object is pustak (feminine), don't say likha gaya. It must be likhi gayi. Another mistake is overusing ke dwara. In English, we use 'by' a lot. In Hindi, the best passive often has no agent at all. Don't force a subject into the sentence if it isn't needed. Some people confuse the 'ability passive' with the 'literary passive'. Mujhse nahi kiya jaata means 'I can't do it'. This is not the same as a formal report. Also, watch out for double passives. You don't need two jaana verbs in one go. Keep it clean and sharp.

Let's compare this to the 'Ability Passive'. The ability passive uses se and usually appears in negative sentences. It’s about physical or mental capacity. 'I can't walk' becomes mujhse chala nahi jaata. The literary passive is about the event. It uses dwara and is usually positive or neutral. Contrast it with the 'Karmavachya' in Sanskritized Hindi. Literary passive is slightly more flexible but still follows strict rules. Unlike the active voice, the ne particle never appears in passive constructions. This is a huge relief for many! The passive voice effectively 'eats' the ne particle and replaces it with object-verb agreement.