Formal Reciprocal: -기도 하고 -기도 하다 (Both... And)

You are basically doubling up on a pattern. The core of this grammar is the suffix -기. This turns a verb or adjective into a noun form. Then we add -도, which means 'also' or 'too.' By repeating this twice, you create a balanced scale. The first part ends with -기도 하고. This acts as the bridge. The second part ends with -기도 하다. This completes the thought. You can use it with verbs to show two actions. You can use it with adjectives to show two qualities. It even works with nouns if you use 이기도 하고. It is like a grammar sandwich with two delicious layers. Just remember to keep the balance on both sides.

1. 1Creating this pattern is like building with blocks. Follow these simple steps to get it right every time:
2. 2Take the dictionary form of your first word. Let's use 먹다 (to eat).
3. 3Drop the 다 to get the stem: 먹.
4. 4Add 기도 하고 to the stem: 먹기도 하고.
5. 5Take your second word. Let's use 마시다 (to drink).
6. 6Drop the 다 to get the stem: 마시.
7. 7Add 기도 하다 to the stem: 마시기도 해요.
8. 8Put it together: 먹기도 하고 마시기도 해요.
9. 9This works for both vowels and consonants. You do not need to worry about tricky batchim rules here. It is very consistent and friendly to learners. Even irregular verbs behave well with this pattern. Just stick to the stem and you are safe.

Use this when you want to describe a multi-tasking lifestyle. It is great for job interviews. You can say you are 'creative and organized.' Use it when ordering food at a restaurant. 'The soup is salty and spicy.' It is perfect for describing your favorite celebrities. 'They are talented and kind.' You can also use it for habits. 'Sometimes I walk, sometimes I run.' It adds flavor to your descriptions. It shows that you see the world in more than just black and white. Use it when one adjective feels too lonely. It is the social butterfly of Korean grammar patterns.

Do not use this for things that happen in a strict sequence. If you eat breakfast then go to school, use -고 instead. This pattern is for things that coexist or alternate. Don't use it for completely impossible contradictions. You can't be 'dead and alive' at the same time. Well, unless you are a cat in a famous physics experiment! Also, avoid using it with very short, simple facts. 'I am tall and I am Korean' sounds a bit strange with this. It is better for qualities that define a person or thing. Keep it for when you want to show a range of traits.

Many people forget the second -기도 and just use -고. This changes the entire vibe of the sentence. Another common slip-up is putting the tense in the middle. You should usually keep the first part in the base form. Put the past or future tense only at the very end. For example, say 좋기도 하고 슬프기도 했어요. Don't say 좋았기도 하고.... It sounds heavy and clunky. Also, watch out for your spacing. Korean spacing can be a bit like a puzzle. Keep 기도 attached to the stem. Put a space before 하고 and 하다. Yes, even native speakers mess this up sometimes! Just take it slow and steady.

You might know the simple -고 connector. That is like a basic 'and.' It just lists things. 기도 하고 is much more descriptive. It implies that both things are notable or surprising. It carries more weight than a simple list. There is also -(으)면서, which means 'while doing.' That is specifically for two things happening at the exact same second. 기도 하고 is broader. It covers things that happen generally or alternately. Think of -고 as a grocery list. Think of 기도 하고 as a character profile. One is for facts, the other is for flavor.