Using أن to

It is a particle that connects verbs and puts the second verb into the subjunctive mood. Think of it as the English word 'to' in 'to go' or 'to eat'.

Not the core meaning, but it changes the grammatical function. It turns the verb action into a concept (a noun-equivalent) that can be the object of a sentence.

In Arabic grammar, an is a 'nasib' (accusative) particle. It forces the following present tense verb to take a Fatha (a) to show it is dependent on the previous verb.

Generally, no. In this structure (Masdar Mu'awwal for intent/desire), you stick to the present tense. Uridu an dhahabtu sounds incorrect.

You simply conjugate the second verb for 'you'. Uridu an tadhhaba (I want that *you* go).

An (with sukoon) is for verbs. Anna (with shadda) is for nouns and pronouns. Uridu an adhhaba (verb) vs A'rifu anna al-jawwa jamil (noun phrase).

Rarely in modern standard conversation for this specific rule. It usually follows another verb or expression like min al-mumkin (it is possible).

People will still understand you perfectly! It's just a small grammatical error. Don't let fear of the Fatha stop you from speaking.

You add la after an. They combine to form alla (أَلَّا). Example: Uridu alla adhhaba (I want not to go).

If the verb ends in a Nun (like yadhhabuna), an makes the Nun disappear. It becomes an yadhhabu.

Same rule as plurals! The Nun drops. Yadhhabani (two go) becomes an yadhhaba.

Yes! Qabla an is very common. Qabla an anam (Before I sleep). Note that ba'd (after) usually prefers ma or the noun, but ba'd an exists too.

It is standard MSA (Fusha). Dialects often shorten an or remove it entirely, or use dialect-specific words like bidd (Levantine) without an.

You can add li to an making it li-an (because/so that) or just li + verb. But an alone is just 'to'.

Yes. An yakuna. It follows the same rules as any other verb.

If it ends in waw or ya, the Fatha usually appears (an yad'uwa, an yamshiya). If it ends in alif, the Fatha is invisible (an yansa).

Usually no. They are best friends and like to stick together. Only la (negation) can really squeeze in between easily.

It's stylistic. An emphasizes the action and subject (who is doing it). The Masdar is more abstract. Uridu an akula (I specifically want to eat) vs Uridu al-akl (I want food).

If the next letter is a throat letter (like h, kh, a), yes. If it's a letter like y, r, m, l, w, the 'n' sound merges into it (Idgham). An yadhhab -> Ay-yadhhab.

That's just the fancy grammar term for the 'Mood of Uncertainty or Emotion.' Since 'wanting' to do something isn't a hard fact yet, we use the Subjunctive (Mansub).

No. An already implies future intent. You don't say an sawfa adhhaba. Just an adhhaba.