Use `是` to define identity between nouns, but never use it to describe qualities with adjectives.
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Use 是 to link two nouns or pronouns like an equal...
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Never use 是 before an adjective; use 很 instead.
Attach 了 directly after a verb to signal that a specific action has been successfully completed.
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Use 了 after verbs to show an action is finished o...
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Place 了 immediately after the verb, before the ob...
Use '上来' when action moves upward to reach you; keep the location in the middle of the phrase.
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Verb + 上来 means moving upward toward the speaker...
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Place objects in the middle: [Verb] + 上 + [Place]...
Mastering Chengyu structure means seeing idioms as logical mathematical equations rather than just random strings of characters.
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Most idioms follow a 2+2 structure using internal...
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Patterns include ABAC repetition, synonym pairs, a...
Use `既` (past), `将` (future), and `方` (timing) to add professional, classical elegance to formal Chinese writing.
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既 marks completed actions, meaning 'already' or '...
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将 indicates the future or imminent actions, like...
A1
sentence_structure
검증됨
Drop 'shì' and use 'hěn' to link subjects to adjectives for natural-sounding Chinese descriptions.
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Never use 是 to link a subject directly to an adje...
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Use 很 as a 'glue' word for positive adjective sen...
Think of '了' as a completion stamp that marks an action as finished, regardless of the time.
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Use '了' after a verb to mark the action as comple...
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It acts like a completion stamp, not just a past t...
Use `下去` for actions moving downward away from you or continuing persistently from now into the future.
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Use Verb + `下去` to show literal movement down an...
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Use it abstractly to mean 'keep doing' something i...
Master these classical markers to transition from basic descriptions to sophisticated, high-level professional Chinese communication.
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Use `于` after adjectives for formal, concise comp...
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Use `与` to link two items before stating their si...
C2
conjunctions_connectors
Mastering these connectors allows you to articulate complex logical chains with formal precision and native-level sophistication.
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`以致` connects a cause to an unintended, usually...
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`致使` is a formal causative verb meaning "to caus...
A1
sentence_structure
검증됨
Use `不` (bù) to negate present actions, future plans, and adjectives, but never use it with `有`.
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Place `不` directly before verbs or adjectives to...
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Use it for habits, present states, and future inte...
The sentence-final `了` marks a 'new reality,' signaling that a situation has changed from before.
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Place `了` at the end of a sentence to signal a ne...
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It works like 'now' or 'anymore' to show a transit...
B1
location_direction
검증됨
Use 出去 when someone or something moves from an enclosed space to the outside, away from your current position.
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Use 出去 for actions moving from inside to outside...
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Place the physical location between 出 and 去 (e.g...
Place Classical interrogative pronouns before verbs to ask sophisticated questions with historical depth and formal elegance.
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Classical interrogative pronouns like `何` often p...
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Use `何` for what/how, `奚` for how/why, and `曷`...
Mastering these classical particles allows you to write professional, concise, and highly sophisticated formal Chinese.
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之 acts as a formal possessive or turns sentences...
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其 serves as a formal, gender-neutral third-person...
A1
sentence_structure
검증됨
Always place `也` before the verb or adjective; never use it as a sentence-final word.
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Place `也` (yě) directly after the subject and bef...
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Never put `也` at the very end of a Chinese senten...
Double 了 signals that an action started in the past is still happening in the present moment.
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Use two 'le' markers to show an action is still co...
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Pattern: Subject + Verb + le + Duration + (Object)...
Use `进来` when something enters a space where you are currently located; always sandwich the location between `进` and `来`.
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Use 进来 for movement from outside to inside towar...
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Structure: Verb + 进来 (e.g., 跑进来).
Object fronting is a classical structural rule used for pronouns and emphasis that survives in formal modern Chinese.
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Classical Chinese moves pronouns to the front in n...
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Special markers like '之' and '是' highlight speci...
Master these classical sequences to command authority and project intellectual humility in high-level formal Chinese discourse.
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Use `夫...者` to introduce a grand topic or defini...
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Use `盖...也` to explain underlying reasons with a...
都 acts as a backward-pointing anchor that generalizes an entire group's action or state.
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都 (dōu) means 'all' or 'both' for groups of two o...
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Always place 都 after the subject and before the v...
Use `过` to highlight life experiences and 'been there, done that' moments in your past.
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Use Verb + 过 to talk about having done something...
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Negate using 没 + Verb + 过 to say you haven't exp...
Use `得了/不了` to express whether an action is physically or situationally possible to complete.
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Use Verb + 得了 for 'can manage' or 'is possible'.
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Use Verb + 不了 for 'cannot manage' or 'is impossi...
Mastering `方`, `正`, and `在` allows you to precisely capture actions at different levels of formality and focus.
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Use `在` for general ongoing actions in daily conv...
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Use `正` or `正在` to emphasize 'at this very mome...
Mastering euphemisms transforms your Chinese from functionally correct to culturally sophisticated and socially harmonious.
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Use poetic substitutes for harsh words like death,...
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Avoid direct names or terms that bring 'bad luck'...
Use `过` to mark an action as a past experience that has no direct impact on the present.
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Use 过 after verbs to talk about past life experie...
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Form the negative using 没有 before the verb; neve...
Use `还` before verbs to add more items to a list or describe ongoing actions.
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Place `还` before the verb or adjective to mean 'a...
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Use it to add items to a list for the same subject...
To compare actions, use the '比' structure with '得' and never add '很' to the adjective.
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Use '比' with '得' to compare how actions are perf...
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Pattern 1: Subject + Verb + 得 + 比 + Target + Adj...
Classical particles transform plain statements into emotionally charged, sophisticated rhetorical flourishes for formal or literary Chinese.
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哉 (zāi) expresses strong exclamation or wonder, u...
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乎 (hū) creates rhetorical questions, often in the...
Use `当...之际` and `值...之时` to mark significant timing with professional, classical, and literary elegance.
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Formal temporal markers for 'at the moment of' or...
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Best used for milestones, transitions, and signifi...
