Classical Euphemism and Taboo Avoidance

This system works through three main methods. First, you have substitution. You replace a "dangerous" word with a softer one. For example, you don't say someone "died." You say they "ascended to the immortals." Second, you have character modification. In historical texts, you might leave a stroke out of a name. This shows respect to an emperor or an ancestor. Third, you have omission. Sometimes, you just don't say the word at all. You use a title or a relationship term instead. It is all about creating a buffer between you and the subject. It’s like using a coaster so you don’t leave a mark on a fancy table. You are protecting the dignity of the person you are talking about.

1. 1Using classical euphemisms follows a specific hierarchy. Follow these steps to get it right:
2. 2Identify the subject's social status. This is the most important step.
3. 3Determine the sensitive topic. Is it death, illness, or a personal name?
4. 4Select the appropriate rank-based term. For death, an emperor 崩 (bēng), but a scholar 不禄 (bùlù).
5. 5Check for any "name taboos" (讳). Avoid using the exact characters of an elder's name.
6. 6Apply the term within a standard sentence structure. Usually, these terms replace the verb or noun directly.

You should use these patterns in very formal settings. Use them when writing a formal eulogy or a respectful letter. They are perfect for discussing historical figures in an academic way. You might use them when talking to a very traditional elder. It shows you have a high level of 教养 (jiàoyǎng) or upbringing. Use them when you want to soften the blow of bad news. It makes the conversation feel more dignified and less raw. Think of it like wearing a tuxedo to a gala. It fits the gravity of the occasion perfectly.

Do not use these in casual, everyday conversations. Using 驾崩 (jiàobēng) for your friend’s goldfish is a bit much. It would sound sarcastic or just plain weird. Avoid these in modern business emails unless the culture is very traditional. Never use high-ranking terms for people of lower status. It can come across as mocking or confusing. Scientific reports also avoid these because they need to be direct. It’s like trying to wear a ball gown to the gym. It’s just not the right vibe for the setting.

The biggest mistake is "rank inflation." Don't use royal terms for common people. Another mistake is mixing modern and classical euphemisms. It makes the sentence feel unbalanced and clunky. Some people forget that 避讳 applies to writing too. Forgetting to avoid a specific character in a formal name is a faux pas. Also, don't over-explain the euphemism. If you use it, assume the listener understands the weight. Explaining it ruins the subtle elegance of the gesture. It’s like explaining a joke; the magic just disappears.

How does this differ from modern 委婉语 (wěiwǎnyǔ)? Modern euphemisms are about being "nice" or "PC." Classical 避讳 is about cosmic order and social rank. Modern Chinese uses 去世 (qùshì) for everyone. Classical Chinese has a different word for every social level. Modern avoidance is often about avoiding embarrassment. Classical avoidance is about avoiding bad luck or showing deep reverence. Think of modern euphemisms as a polite nod. Think of classical avoidance as a deep, formal bow. One is casual politeness, the other is a ritual.