Noun and Light

Almost, but not literally any. It works best with abstract nouns like madad, pyaar, काम (kaam). You can't usually say kursi karna (chair do) unless you mean fixing it, but even then thik karna is better.

Band karna implies a person did it (Active: I closed the shop). Band hona implies state or automatic action (Passive: The shop closed/is closed).

Because फ़ोन (phone) is treated as a Masculine noun in Hindi. Nouns from English usually get assigned a gender, and phone is masculine.

Practice! But generally, nouns ending in 'ee' sounds (ग़लती (galti), koshish, arzi) are feminine. Most others are masculine.

Yes. You can say Maine bohot badi galti ki (I made a very big mistake). The adjectives go between the noun and the light verb.

No! Pyar karna is active (to love/care for). Pyar hona is falling in love (to happen). Mujhe pyar ho gaya (I fell in love).

Only if the Light Verb is transitive (like करना (karna), देना (dena), लेना (lena)). If the Light Verb is hona or आना (aana), you do NOT use ने (ne).

That's Hinglish! It's very common in speech. Main waiting kar raha hoon is understood, but wait kar raha hoon is better.

Yes. It adds 'direction' to the meaning. Dena gives benefit to others (mashvara dena - give advice). Lena takes benefit (mashvara lena - take advice).

We use shaadi karna. Example: Usne shaadi ki (He/She got married). Note: Shaadi is feminine, so की (ki).

Sometimes. Dost banana (to make friends). But it's less common than करना (karna).

It literally means 'to keep attention', but we use it for 'take care'. Apna dhyan rakhna (Take care of yourself).

Both! Gussa karna = to get angry/shout (active). Gussa aana = to feel angry (internal feeling).

Put नहीं (nahi) or mat (for commands) just before the Light Verb. Madad nahi ki (Did not help).

The person you call. But grammatically, फ़ोन (phone) is the direct object of करना (karna). The person is marked with को (ko). Ram ko phone karo.

Yes, but sawal poochna is better. Note that poochna is a full verb, not strictly a light verb, but it works similarly.

Pata means address or trace. Pata karna means to trace or find out something.

Nazar (sight) + andaaz (manner/throw). It's a fixed phrase. Just treat it as one block meaning 'to ignore'.

It's slang! Marna (to hit) is often used as a slang light verb. Try marna = to give it a shot.

Yes, often for perceptions. Pyaas lagna (thirst to attach = to feel thirsty). Bura lagna (to feel bad).