Compound Verbs:

It's a combination of two verbs where the first holds the meaning and the second adds flavor. Like aa jānā (to come).

You can! But compound verbs make you sound fluent and emphasize that an action is *fully* done. khāyā is 'ate', khā liyā is 'ate it all'.

No. In khā liyā, you didn't 'take' (lenā) anything. The liyā just indicates the action was done for yourself.

No, there is a closed club of 'vector' verbs. The VIPs are jānā, lenā, denā, paṛnā, uṭhnā, and ḍālnā.

Ignore the first verb (root). Conjugate the second verb (vector) exactly as you would any other verb. khā stays khā; liyā changes to lenge, letā, etc.

Absolutely. maiṃ kar lū̃gā (I will do it/finish it). It implies you'll definitely get it done.

It's rare and often sounds redundant. We usually avoid khā le rahā hū̃. Just say khā rahā hū̃.

lenā is for you (incoming). denā is for others (outgoing). paṛh liyā (I read it for myself). paṛh diyā (I read it out for you).

It usually shows completeness or a change of state. samajh jānā (to realize/understand).

Suddenness or something happening by chance/accident. ro paṛnā (to burst into tears).

Generally, no. It sounds unnatural to A2 learners. Stick to simple verbs for 'no'. nahī̃ kiyā (didn't do).

The vector verb decides the rules. If the vector is lenā (transitive), use ne. If it's jānā (intransitive), don't.

Technically no, that's a modal verb (can). Compound verbs are about *how* the action happened (nuance), not ability.

Use the imperative of the vector. ye de dījiye (Please give this away/to me). It sounds very polite.

It means 'to kill'. mārnā alone can mean 'to beat' or 'to hit'. The ḍālnā confirms the violence implies death.

Yes, they are used everywhere, from street slang to news reports. They are integral to the language.

Yes, because English uses phrasal verbs ('eat up', 'burn down') which are similar but not identical in logic.

Yes, but that's advanced! kar diyā jāegā (It will be done - passive compound). Don't worry about that yet.

You will still be understood perfectly. You'll just sound a bit 'foreign' or very literal.

It's great for sudden starts. bol uṭhnā (to speak up suddenly). It's very expressive.

cuknā (to have finished) is similar but functions more as a tense marker for 'already done'. Some classify it differently, but it fits the pattern.

Take a simple verb like karnā and try to pair it with lenā and denā in sentences to feel the difference.