유효성

Relating to the quality or standard of something rather than its quantity. It focuses on the nature or character of an object or phenomenon in academic contexts.

A set of questions used to gather information or opinions from a group of people; a survey or questionnaire.

The person or thing that is the focus of an action, study, or research. It often refers to the 'target' or 'participants' in an academic experiment.

To write down or keep track of facts, events, or data to preserve them for the future. In an academic context, it refers to the systematic collection of observations or results.

The act of searching or investigating something thoroughly; exploration of ideas or locations.

Being comprehensive or holistic; putting together various elements or aspects into one whole.

Relating to individuals or single items rather than a group. It emphasizes the uniqueness or separation of each part.

1. To operate a machine or device. 2. To manipulate data or facts, often in a dishonest way. 3. In research, the deliberate alteration of independent variables.

To collect, gather, or aggregate various pieces of information, data, or opinions into one place for review or processing.

To systematically gather data, information, or samples for study or analysis. It is a fundamental step in scientific research and academic writing.