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To perform a scientific test or investigation to discover new information or test a hypothesis. It involves observing effects under controlled conditions.

The individual parts or elements that make up a whole system, object, or concept.

The innate characteristics, properties, or nature of a substance, person, or phenomenon. It describes how something behaves or its fundamental makeup.

To disappear or cease to exist, often used for languages, species, or legal rights.

To break down a whole into its parts, or to decompose chemically.

To select or sort out specific things from a group based on certain criteria.

A physical representation or a theoretical structure used as a pattern for something to be made or to explain how something works. It is often a simplified version of a complex system.

Power derived from the utilization of physical or chemical resources, especially to provide light and heat or to work machines. A major topic in IELTS Environment and Technology sections.

The space between two objects or points, or the period of time between two events.

To develop gradually, especially from a simple to a more complex form. In IELTS, this applies to biology, technology, and social systems.