تلخيص

Serving as or conforming to a standard of measurement, value, or behavior. It is used to describe things that follow a set norm or benchmark.

To deal with, discuss, or treat a subject in an essay, speech, or book. It can also mean to take or eat food/medicine.

A gift or payment to a common fund or collection; the part played by a person or thing in bringing about a result.

Serving as a perfect or representative example of a quality or type.

A passage or remark repeated by someone other than the original author or speaker; quoted. In academic writing, it refers to text taken from a source.

To suppose that something is the case on the basis of probability or theory rather than proof. This is a key verb for TOEFL listening and speaking tasks.

The end or finish of an event or process; the final part of a piece of writing or speech.

To state with force or give special importance to something; to confirm or emphasize.

The grounds and buildings of a university or college (campus). Essential for TOEFL campus-life conversations.

A formal discussion on a particular topic in which opposing arguments are put forward, commonly found in academic or political settings.