Conditional Sentences:
Always use `to` to connect the condition and the result, even if you skip `agar`.
The Rule in 30 Seconds
- Structure is always 'Agar' (condition) + 'to' (result).
- 'Agar' means 'if' and is optional.
- 'To' means 'then' and is MANDATORY.
- Verb endings usually match in both parts.
Quick Reference
| Type | Condition (Agar...) | Result (to...) | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| Real Future | Agar vo aayega | to main jaunga | If he comes, I will go. |
| General Fact | Agar baarish hoti hai | to ghaas hari hoti hai | If it rains, grass gets green. |
| Hypothetical (Present) | Agar main raja hota | to main khush hota | If I were king, I'd be happy. |
| Hypothetical (Past) | Agar tumne bataya hota | to main madad karta | If you had told me, I would have helped. |
| No 'Agar' (Casual) | Dheere chaloge | to gir jaoge | (If) you walk slowly, you'll fall. (Wait, logic?) |
| Imperative | Agar bhookh lage | to kha lena | If you get hungry, eat. |
Wichtige Beispiele
3 von 9Agar tum aaoge, to main khana banaunga.
If you come, I will cook food.
Agar mere paas paise hote, to main duniya ghoomta.
If I had money, I would travel the world.
Mehnat karoge to safalta milegi.
(If) you work hard, you will get success.
The 'Agar' Ghost
You can treat `agar` like a ghost—sometimes you see it, sometimes you don't, but the sentence still works. Just never make `to` a ghost!
Tense Matching
If you start with a dream (hypothetical), stay in the dream. Don't say "If I were a bird (dream), I will fly (real)." Say "I *would* fly."
The Rule in 30 Seconds
- Structure is always 'Agar' (condition) + 'to' (result).
- 'Agar' means 'if' and is optional.
- 'To' means 'then' and is MANDATORY.
- Verb endings usually match in both parts.
Overview
Imagine you're bargaining in a Delhi market. You want to say, "If you give a discount, I will buy it." That's a conditional sentence! In Hindi, these sentences are the backbone of negotiation, making plans, and dreaming big. They usually follow a simple "If... then..." structure. It's like a logic puzzle: Condition A needs to happen for Result B to occur.
How This Grammar Works
The magic words here are agar (if) and to (then). You start with the condition clause using agar, and follow it with the result clause starting with to. Here’s the cool part: in spoken Hindi, you can often drop the agar, but you cannot drop the to. The to acts like a bridge connecting your thoughts. If you burn that bridge, the sentence falls apart.
Formation Pattern
- 1Start with
Agar(optional but recommended for clarity). - 2Add your condition (e.g., "it rains").
- 3CRITICAL STEP: Add
to. - 4Add the result (e.g., "we will stay home").
When To Use It
Use this whenever one thing depends on another. Planning a picnic? "If it is sunny, we go." Regretting a past choice? "If I had studied, I would have passed." Dreaming of winning the lottery? "If I win, I will buy an island." It covers everything from real possibilities to wild fantasies.
When Not To Use It
Don't use this structure for simple cause-and-effect facts that don't have an "if" element. For example, "Because I was hungry, I ate" is different. Also, be careful not to mix up your tenses too wildly. Hindi likes balance—if the first part is hypothetical, the second part usually needs to match that vibe.
Common Mistakes
The biggest rookie mistake? Forgetting the to. In English, we often pause or use a comma ("If you go, I go"). In Hindi, that comma is essentially the word to. Another mistake is mixing up the "Hypothetical" past with the "Real" future. If you say "If I was a bird" (hypothetical), don't follow it with "I will fly" (definite future). You'd say "I would fly."
Contrast With Similar Patterns
In English, we have "unless" ("Unless you study..."). In Hindi, we often just stick to negative conditionals: "Agar tum padhai nahi karoge..." (If you don't study...). It's simpler! We don't need a special "unless" word; just a negative "if" does the trick.
Quick FAQ
Q. Can I really drop agar?
A. Yes! Native speakers do it all the time. "Paise doge to kaam hoga" (If you give money, the work will happen).
Q. Does the verb always change?
A. It depends on the reality. Real future plans use Future tense (-ega). Hypothetical dreams use the Habitual Past form (-ta).
Q. Is to the same as "so"?
A. Roughly, yes. But in conditionals, think of it strictly as "then."
Reference Table
| Type | Condition (Agar...) | Result (to...) | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| Real Future | Agar vo aayega | to main jaunga | If he comes, I will go. |
| General Fact | Agar baarish hoti hai | to ghaas hari hoti hai | If it rains, grass gets green. |
| Hypothetical (Present) | Agar main raja hota | to main khush hota | If I were king, I'd be happy. |
| Hypothetical (Past) | Agar tumne bataya hota | to main madad karta | If you had told me, I would have helped. |
| No 'Agar' (Casual) | Dheere chaloge | to gir jaoge | (If) you walk slowly, you'll fall. (Wait, logic?) |
| Imperative | Agar bhookh lage | to kha lena | If you get hungry, eat. |
The 'Agar' Ghost
You can treat `agar` like a ghost—sometimes you see it, sometimes you don't, but the sentence still works. Just never make `to` a ghost!
Tense Matching
If you start with a dream (hypothetical), stay in the dream. Don't say "If I were a bird (dream), I will fly (real)." Say "I *would* fly."
Polite Refusals
Using conditionals is a polite way to say no. "Agar main free hota..." (If I were free...) implies you aren't, without bluntly saying "No."
The Comma Trick
Whenever you would put a comma in an English 'If' sentence, put `to` in the Hindi sentence. It works 99% of the time.
Beispiele
9Agar tum aaoge, to main khana banaunga.
Focus: to
If you come, I will cook food.
Standard future conditional.
Agar mere paas paise hote, to main duniya ghoomta.
Focus: hote
If I had money, I would travel the world.
Hypothetical situation (using -ta ending).
Mehnat karoge to safalta milegi.
Focus: Mehnat karoge
(If) you work hard, you will get success.
Dropped 'agar' for natural flow.
Agar vo bimar hai, to use aaram karne do.
Focus: karne do
If he is sick, let him rest.
Condition with an imperative/command result.
Agar baarish hui, to match radd ho jayega.
Focus: hui
If it rains (past form implies specific event), the match will be cancelled.
Using past form 'hui' for a future condition is common.
Agar tum na hote, to main kya karta?
Focus: na hote
If you weren't here, what would I do?
Romantic or dramatic statement!
Agar main late ho gaya, to boss gussa karenge.
Focus: gussa karenge
If I get late, the boss will get angry.
Everyday office fear.
Agar tum aaoge, to main jaunga.
Focus: to
If you come, I will go.
Don't forget the 'to' connector!
Agar main gaya, to dekhunga.
Focus: gaya
If I go, I will see.
Don't translate 'if' and 'then' literally if the word order is wrong.
Teste dich selbst
Complete the conditional sentence with the connector.
Agar tum padhoge, ___ pass ho jaoge.
We always use 'to' (then) to connect the condition and the result.
Choose the correct hypothetical verb form.
Agar main pakshi (bird) ___, to main udta.
For hypothetical 'if I were', we use 'hota' (masculine) or 'hoti' (feminine).
Select the correct start for a condition.
___ aaj garmi hai, to hum swimming jayenge.
'Agar' means 'if'. 'Kyunki' is because, 'Magar' is but.
🎉 Ergebnis: /3
Visuelle Lernhilfen
Real vs. Hypothetical
Building Your Sentence
Is the condition real/possible?
Use Future tense or Present tense?
Did you add 'to'?
Common 'Agar' Scenarios
Bargaining
- • Agar sasta doge to...
- • Agar discount milega to...
Planning
- • Agar free ho to...
- • Agar mausam accha hai to...
Häufig gestellte Fragen
20 FragenNo! Completely different. Hindi to (pronounced like 'so' but with a t) means 'then'. English 'to' is a preposition.
Sometimes learners mix them up. Tab means 'then' in terms of time (at that moment). To is 'then' in terms of logic/consequence. Stick to to for conditionals.
Use agar... bhi. For example, Agar baarish ho bhi... (Even if it rains...).
You can flip it! "Main jaunga, agar tum aaoge" (I will go if you come). In this specific structure, to is often dropped or less emphasized.
Not at all. It's very natural and conversational. It shows you're comfortable with the language.
Just add nahi or na. Agar tum nahi aaoge... (If you don't come...).
Yes, yadi is the formal Sanskritized version of agar. You'll see it in books or news, but rarely in chat with friends.
Agar itself doesn't have gender, but the verbs following it do! Agar main hota (male) vs Agar main hoti (female).
It's a memory trick for hypotheticals. 'Agar main kar**ta**, to main khush ho**ta**'. Both parts end in the 'ta' sound (imperfective).
Yes! Agar maine padha hota, to pass ho jata. Use the past participle + hota.
Start with Kaash. Kaash main wahan hota (If only I were there / I wish I were there).
Mostly, yes. Agar baarish hogi.... But sometimes you can use the simple past form for a future condition: Agar baarish hui... (If it rains [happens]).
People might still understand you, but it sounds broken. Like saying "If you come I go" without a pause. It feels rushed.
No, for 'whether', we usually use ki. "I don't know whether he will come" -> *Mujhe nahi pata ki vo aayega ya nahi*.
Oh yes. To is a filler word, a particle for emphasis, and means 'then'. It's the Swiss Army knife of Hindi particles.
Make chain stories! "If I go out, I will spend money. If I spend money, I will be broke. If I am broke..."
Yes, basic agar-to is essential B1. The complex past hypothetical stuff bridges into B2.
Hindi doesn't have a direct single word for 'unless'. We use 'If... not'. Jab tak... nahi can also work for time-based conditions.
Definitely (Hinglish). Agar tum ready ho, to let's go. Native speakers do this constantly.
Because it follows logic! Condition -> Result. It's like coding for your mouth.
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