Dialectal Foundations of Classical

Language evolution is picky! Panghat is an ancient, rural concept, so it evolved into a shorter form. If you made a new word with Rani today, like 'Rani-Mahal', it wouldn't become 'Ranimahal' (short 'i') automatically unless it became a very common, fast-spoken term over centuries.

Yes! The causal verbs follow this exact pattern. Jeetna (To win) becomes Jitaana (To make win). Seekhna (To learn) becomes Sikhana (To teach). The long vowel ALWAYS shortens in the causal form.

Absolutely. Loot (Robbery) + Era (Doer suffix). The Oo becomes U. You'll see this Era suffix in Sapera (Snake charmer) too—from Saanp (Snake), where the nasal Aa shortens and shifts.

Rule of thumb: Does it sound formal/religious? It's likely Sanskrit (Tatsama)—don't shorten it. Does it sound everyday/household? It's likely Hindi (Tadbhava)—shortening is fair game. Deep (Lamp - Formal) -> Deepawali. Diya (Lamp - Everyday) -> Diya-baati.

Raaj (King) + Putra (Son). Raaj shortens to Raj. So yes, Rajput is a classic example of this shortening! Rajwada is another.

The sound E often shifts to I in compounds. Ek -> Ik. Similarly Do (Two) often becomes Du in Duguna (Double) or Du-manzila (Two-storey).

No, the gender usually depends on the final suffix or the head noun, not the shortening vowel. Mithaai is feminine because of -aai, not because Meetha became Mith.

You will be understood, but it sounds "un-native" or overly deliberate. Phulwari flows better. Native speakers will instantly recognize Phoolwari as a learner's pronunciation.

Very. Kankhajoora (Centipede - literally 'ear-scatcher' legend). Kanpati (Temple of head). The aa almost always drops in body-part compounds.

O usually shortens to U. Chhota -> Chhut. Mota -> Mut (in Mutalla - fatso). It's a reliable shift.

Yes. In Punjabi-influenced Hindi, you might hear more aggressive shortening or even different vowel shifts. But standard Hindi follows the Aa->A, Ee->I, Oo->U pattern.

Likely the numerals. Nau (9) becomes Nav or Nin? Do becomes Ba in Baees (22)? The number system uses this shortening logic but with extreme irregularity.

Yes! Nak-chada (Fastidious/Snobbish). Naak becomes Nak. It follows the body part rule perfectly.

In compounds, yes. Hath-gola (Hand grenade). Hatha-pai (Scuffle). It's rare to hear Haath-gola.

Great observation! Wala is a looser suffix/helper. It doesn't fuse as tightly as Muha in Dudhmuha. Wala usually respects the original vowel length.

Yes! Kha (Eat) -> Khila (Feed). The root vowel shortens and changes. Pee (Drink) -> Pila (Make drink).

Baap becomes Bap in Bapauti (Inheritance/Patrimony). Same rule!

Pandubbi (Submarine - Water-diver). Pan-chakki (Water mill). It's a very productive prefix root.

Yes, in Devanagari script पनघट vs पानघट are visually very different. It would be considered a spelling mistake.

Look at family words. Find the "root" and see how it changes in "abstract" or "job" words. Sona -> Sunaar. Loha -> Luhaar.