Expressing Comp
In Hindi compulsion, the subject gets 'ko' and the verb agrees with the object, not the person.
The Rule in 30 Seconds
- Subject always takes 'ko' (e.g., mujhe, Ram ko).
- Verb stays in infinitive form (na/ne/ni).
- Use 'hai' for simple plans/duties.
- Use 'padna' forms for forced/external compulsion.
Quick Reference
| Type | Structure | Hindi Example | English Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| Internal/Plan (Present) | Subj-ko + Verb-na + hai | Mujhe jaana hai | I have to go / am to go |
| Internal/Plan (Past) | Subj-ko + Verb-na + tha | Mujhe jaana tha | I had to go / was to go |
| External/Forced (Present) | Subj-ko + Verb-na + padta hai | Mujhe kaam karna padta hai | I have to work (forced) |
| External/Forced (Future) | Subj-ko + Verb-na + padega | Tumhe batana padega | You will have to tell |
| External/Forced (Past) | Subj-ko + Verb-na + pada | Usne maafi maangni padi | He had to apologize |
| Object Agreement (Fem) | Subj-ko + Obj (Fem) + Verb-ni + hai | Mujhe chai peeni hai | I have to drink tea |
Exemples clés
3 sur 9Mujhe abhi nikalna hai.
I have to leave right now.
Rahul ko dawai khani padegi.
Rahul will have to take medicine.
Kya tumhe wapas aana hai?
Do you have to come back?
The 'Ko' Tag
Always check your subject! If you are saying 'have to', your subject MUST wear the 'ko' tag. No 'ko', no compulsion.
Polite Command Hack
You can use the 'hai' form to give polite instructions. 'Aapko yahan aana hai' (You are to come here) is softer than 'Aao' (Come).
The Rule in 30 Seconds
- Subject always takes 'ko' (e.g., mujhe, Ram ko).
- Verb stays in infinitive form (na/ne/ni).
- Use 'hai' for simple plans/duties.
- Use 'padna' forms for forced/external compulsion.
Overview
Ever felt like life is just a series of things you *have* to do? "I have to work," "I have to eat vegetables," "I have to pretend to like my boss's jokes." Well, Hindi has a specific way to express all these burdens! It’s called the Compulsion structure. Unlike English where you say "I have to," in Hindi, you essentially say "To me, X is to be done." It sounds poetic, but it’s mostly just practical. It’s one of the most common patterns you’ll hear, so mastering this is like unlocking a cheat code for fluency.
How This Works
The biggest mental shift here is the subject. In English, *you* do the having. In Hindi, the compulsion happens *to* you. That means the subject (you, me, Ram, Sita) gets a little tag attached to it: the postposition ko.
So, instead of "I," you use mujhko (or mujhe). Instead of "Ram," you use Ram ko. This transforms the sentence structure completely. The verb (what needs to be done) becomes the real boss of the sentence, often agreeing with the object, not you. You're just the person the obligation is stuck to!
Formation Pattern
- 1Let's break it down into a recipe. You need three main ingredients:
- 2The Receiver (Subject +
ko): The person who has the obligation. - 3The Activity (Infinitive Verb): The verb ending in
na,ne, orni. This acts like a noun here. - 4The Tense (Auxiliary): Is it now (
hai), was it yesterday (tha), or will it be tomorrow (hoga/padega)? - 5*Structure:*
Subject + ko+Object (optional)+Verb (Infinitive)+Auxiliary
When To Use It
Use this whenever there is a necessity. But wait, there are two flavors:
* Flavor 1: karna hai (I am to do / I have to do)
Use this for internal plans, duties, or mild obligations. It’s softer. "I have to go home (because I want to/it's time)."
* Flavor 2: karna padta hai (I am forced to do)
Use padna (literally "to fall") when the universe, your mom, or the law is forcing you. "I have to pay taxes."
When Not To Use It
Don't use this if you just *want* to do something (use chahta hoon). Don't use it for simple future actions like "I will go" (main jaunga). This is strictly for when a task is sitting on your shoulders.
Common Mistakes
* The "Main" Trap: Saying Main jana hai. NO! It must be Mujhe jana hai. Main is forbidden here.
* The Agreement Oops: If you have to read a book (kitaab - feminine), you say Mujhe kitaab padhni hai, not padhna hai. The verb flirts with the object, not you!
* Mixing Flavors: Using padta hai when you really just meant a simple plan. It makes you sound like a victim of circumstance constantly.
Contrast With Similar Patterns
* Chahiye (Should/Need): Mujhe pani chahiye (I need water) or Mujhe jana chahiye (I should go). This is advice or need. Compulsion is a mandate.
* Future Tense: Main jaunga (I will go). This is a prediction or promise. Mujhe jana padega (I will *have* to go) implies no choice.
Quick FAQ
* Q: Can I drop the ko?
Absolutely not. It's the glue holding this logic together.
* Q: What if there's no object?
Then keep the verb masculine singular (jana, karna). Easy mode!
Reference Table
| Type | Structure | Hindi Example | English Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| Internal/Plan (Present) | Subj-ko + Verb-na + hai | Mujhe jaana hai | I have to go / am to go |
| Internal/Plan (Past) | Subj-ko + Verb-na + tha | Mujhe jaana tha | I had to go / was to go |
| External/Forced (Present) | Subj-ko + Verb-na + padta hai | Mujhe kaam karna padta hai | I have to work (forced) |
| External/Forced (Future) | Subj-ko + Verb-na + padega | Tumhe batana padega | You will have to tell |
| External/Forced (Past) | Subj-ko + Verb-na + pada | Usne maafi maangni padi | He had to apologize |
| Object Agreement (Fem) | Subj-ko + Obj (Fem) + Verb-ni + hai | Mujhe chai peeni hai | I have to drink tea |
The 'Ko' Tag
Always check your subject! If you are saying 'have to', your subject MUST wear the 'ko' tag. No 'ko', no compulsion.
Polite Command Hack
You can use the 'hai' form to give polite instructions. 'Aapko yahan aana hai' (You are to come here) is softer than 'Aao' (Come).
The Object Trap
Don't let your English brain trick you. In 'I have to read the book', the verb 'read' matches 'book', not 'I'. So it's 'padhni', not 'padhna'.
Social Obligation
Indians use 'jana padega' a lot for social events they don't want to attend. It's a polite way to say 'I'm forced to go (otherwise auntie will be mad)'.
Exemples
9Mujhe abhi nikalna hai.
Focus: Mujhe
I have to leave right now.
Standard internal compulsion/plan.
Rahul ko dawai khani padegi.
Focus: padegi
Rahul will have to take medicine.
Future external compulsion. Note 'khani' agrees with 'dawai' (fem).
Kya tumhe wapas aana hai?
Focus: tumhe
Do you have to come back?
Question form.
Use jhooth bolna pada.
Focus: pada
He had to lie.
Past tense forced action (pada).
Sarkar ko naye kanoon banane hain.
Focus: banane hain
The government has to make new laws.
Plural object agreement (kanoon -> banane hain).
Mujhe jana hai.
Focus: Mujhe
I have to go.
Common Mistake: Using nominative 'Main' instead of dative 'Mujhe'.
Sita ko roti khani hai.
Focus: khani
Sita has to eat roti.
Common Mistake: Ignoring object gender agreement (roti is feminine).
Mujhe unse baat karni thi, par mauka nahi mila.
Focus: karni thi
I had to talk to him, but I didn't get the chance.
Past unfulfilled intent.
Bacchon ko roz subah uthna padta hai.
Focus: padta hai
Children have to wake up early every day.
General habit/routine compulsion.
Teste-toi
Choose the correct form of the pronoun.
___ aaj jaldi sona hai.
Compulsion requires the 'ko' form (Dative). 'Main' + 'ko' becomes 'Mujhe'.
Select the correct verb ending based on the object 'chai' (tea - feminine).
Ram ko chai ___ hai.
'Chai' is feminine, so the infinitive verb must change from 'banana' to 'banani'.
Choose the correct auxiliary for a future compulsion.
Hamein wahan jana ___.
For 'will have to', we use the future tense of padna, which is 'padega'.
🎉 Score : /3
Aides visuelles
Chahiye vs. Padega
Which Verb Ending?
Is there an Object?
Is Object Feminine?
Singular or Plural?
Tense Markers
Present
- • hai
- • padta hai
Past
- • tha
- • pada
- • padta tha
Future
- • hoga
- • padega
Questions fréquentes
22 questionsNo, never! 'Main' is the nominative form. Since compulsion happens *to* you, you must use the dative case 'Mujhe' (Main + ko). Think of it as 'To me, going is necessary'.
'Jana hai' is a plan or mild duty, like 'I have to go (it's time)'. 'Jana padta hai' implies external pressure or reluctance, like 'I have to go (I don't want to, but I must)'.
Just add nahin before the verb. For example, Mujhe nahin jana hai (I don't have to go).
Not because of *you*! The verb changes based on the *object* of the sentence. If there is no object, it stays masculine singular (jana), even if you are female.
Then the verb must agree with 'roti'. You would say Mujhe roti khani hai (ending in -i), regardless of your own gender.
Use tha for plans (Mujhe jana tha) or pada for forced actions (Mujhe jana pada).
Literally, padna means 'to fall' or 'to lie'. In this context, it implies a responsibility has 'fallen' upon you.
Yes. Strong compulsion like 'must' is often expressed with padega (future) or emphatic hi added, like jana hi hai (must go).
Yes, but it usually means 'I will have to go' or presumes 'I must be going now'. It's slightly less common for direct compulsion than padega.
Simply add 'Kya' at the start or intonate it: Kya tumhe jana hai? or Tumhe jana hai?
The verb usually agrees with the nearest object. Mujhe ek kela aur do seb khane hain (nearest is kela but plural logic can get complex; stick to nearest match usually).
The structure itself is neutral. The formality depends on the pronoun you use for the person (tujhe vs tumhe vs aapko).
Mujhe kuch nahin karna hai.
In rapid speech, Mujhe jana (I gotta go) is sometimes heard, but it's grammatically incomplete. Stick to Mujhe jana hai for B2 level.
Chahiye means 'should' or 'need'. It's softer. Mujhe jana chahiye = I should go. Mujhe jana hai = I have to go.
Padega. For example, Tumhe maanna padega (You will have to accept/agree).
No, ko is a postposition. It merges with pronouns (Main+ko=Mujhe) but stays separate with names (Ram ko).
Agree with the thing given. Mujhe paise (masc pl) dene (masc pl) hain. 'I have to give money'.
Conceptually, yes! It expresses obligation. But structurally, it's more like 'To me, there is to be done'.
Remembering that the verb doesn't care about the subject (you). It cares about the object. It's an ego-check for the subject!
Rarely. Mujhe jana pad raha tha (I was having to go) is possible but specific. Usually simple past pada is sufficient.
Not really slang, but urgency is often added with abhi: Mujhe abhi ke abhi jana hai (I have to go right now).
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