考古学

The state of being successful, flourishing, or thriving, especially regarding wealth or growth of a nation or business.

The process of a country, industry, or culture losing power, strength, or vigor and moving toward a decline.

A pioneer or a person who is among the first to explore or settle a new country or area of knowledge. Someone who paves the way for others.

A transition period or a stage of development when things are changing from an old state to a new one. It is often characterized by instability.

The emergence or rise of a new power, influence, movement, or technology that gains prominence. It literally means 'raising one's head.'

The transition to new manufacturing processes in Europe and the US, in the period from about 1760 to sometime between 1820 and 1840.

The act of appearing or coming into existence. Often used for new technologies, species, or social phenomena.

A state or period of transition from one stage, condition, or era to the next. It implies instability and ongoing change.

The remains of a building, town, etc. from the past, especially one that is important in history or archaeology.

The exchange of goods and services, especially between different groups or countries; trade.