C1 Complex Sentences 4 min de lecture

Mastering Explanatory Connect

Mastering these connectors allows you to articulate complex logic with the precision of a native speaker.

The Rule in 30 Seconds

  • Use connectors to link a statement with its logical explanation.
  • Place a comma before connectors like `pois` and `visto que`.
  • Choose formal connectors like `porquanto` for professional or academic writing.
  • Keep verbs in the indicative mood to state reasons as facts.

Quick Reference

Connector Formality Level Key Usage Nuance
`Pois` Neutral/Formal Classic alternative to `porque`; requires a comma.
`Já que` Informal/Neutral Used when the reason is evident or known.
`Visto que` Formal Objective and logical; great for reports.
`Uma vez que` Neutral/Formal Highly versatile; works in speech and writing.
`Porquanto` Very Formal Literary or legal; sounds very sophisticated.
`Dado que` Formal Focuses on a specific given fact as a cause.

Exemples clés

3 sur 10
1

Eles não chegaram a tempo, `pois` o trânsito estava terrível.

They didn't arrive on time, because the traffic was terrible.

2

`Já que` você está aqui, pode me ajudar com este relatório?

Since you are here, can you help me with this report?

3

A empresa lucrou, `visto que` os custos foram reduzidos drasticamente.

The company made a profit, given that costs were drastically reduced.

💡

The Comma Rule

Think of `pois` as a 'comma-loving' connector. It almost always wants a comma before it. Without the comma, your sentence can feel like it's running a marathon without breathing.

⚠️

Formality Warning

If you use `porquanto` in a text message to your mom, she might think you've been hacked by a 19th-century poet. Save it for your thesis or a law exam.

The Rule in 30 Seconds

  • Use connectors to link a statement with its logical explanation.
  • Place a comma before connectors like `pois` and `visto que`.
  • Choose formal connectors like `porquanto` for professional or academic writing.
  • Keep verbs in the indicative mood to state reasons as facts.

Overview

You want to sound sophisticated in Portuguese. You are tired of using porque all the time. At a C1 level, you need more tools. Explanatory connectors are your best friends here. They link your main idea to a reason. They make your speech flow naturally. Think of them as the glue of logic. They help you explain, justify, and clarify. You will sound more professional and precise. Let's move beyond the basics today. We are diving into the world of complex logic.

How This Grammar Works

These connectors create a bridge between two thoughts. One thought is your statement. The other is the explanation for it. In Portuguese, we have many ways to say 'because'. Each one has a slightly different flavor. Some sound formal, like a law clerk. Others sound relaxed, like a Sunday brunch. Using them correctly shows you understand nuance. It is not just about the meaning. It is about the social context. You choose a connector based on your goal. Are you arguing a point? Are you just giving a quick reason? The connector sets the tone for everything.

Formation Pattern

  1. 1Start with your main clause (the action).
  2. 2Place a comma for clarity and breath.
  3. 3Insert your chosen explanatory connector.
  4. 4Add the explanation clause afterwards.
  5. 5Ensure the verb mood remains in the indicative.
  6. 6For example: Não fui à festa, pois estava cansado. (Main clause + comma + connector + explanation). Notice how the comma gives a tiny pause. It prepares the listener for the 'why'. Most of these connectors follow this simple linear path. Some can move to the start of the sentence too. We will see that later. Just remember the comma is your best ally here. It keeps your logic clean and readable.

When To Use It

Use these when you need to justify yourself. They are perfect for job interviews. You can explain your choices with visto que. Use them when writing professional emails to clients. They help you clarify complex instructions to colleagues. If you are debating a friend, use já que. It points to an obvious or known reason. These connectors add weight to your arguments. They show you have a structured mind. Use them in academic papers to sound authoritative. They also work well in deep, late-night conversations. Basically, use them whenever the simple porque feels too small.

When Not To Use It

Do not use high-level connectors for tiny things. Imagine ordering a coffee with porquanto. The barista might look at you very strangely. It is like wearing a tuxedo to the beach. Avoid overusing them in very informal texts. Don't use three different connectors in one sentence. It makes your speech feel heavy and robotic. If the reason is totally obvious, be brief. You don't always need a fancy bridge. Sometimes, a simple 'because' is just fine. Keep the advanced stuff for advanced situations. Don't kill the vibe with unnecessary grammar flexing.

Common Mistakes

Many people forget the comma before pois. This is a very frequent slip-up. Another mistake is the position of pois. If it means 'because', it comes after the comma. If it's used as 'therefore', it's placed differently. Yes, even native speakers mess this up sometimes. Don't confuse visto que with visto a. That second one doesn't exist in this context. Some learners use the subjunctive after these connectors. That is a big 'no' for explanatory links. Stick to the indicative mood for facts and reasons. It keeps your explanation grounded and certain. Think of it like a grammar traffic light.

Contrast With Similar Patterns

Let's compare já que and visto que. Já que implies the reason is already known. It's like saying 'since we both know this'. Visto que is more objective and neutral. It feels like a logical observation of a fact. Then we have the elusive porquanto. This is the king of formal writing. You will rarely hear it in the street. If porque is a t-shirt, porquanto is a suit. Uma vez que is very versatile and safe. It works in almost any professional setting. It is the 'Swiss Army Knife' of connectors. Learn these differences to avoid sounding misplaced. It's all about matching the tool to the task.

Quick FAQ

Q. Can I start a sentence with Pois?

A. Usually not when it means 'because'. Use Como instead.

Q. Is porquanto too old-fashioned?

A. In speech, yes. In legal writing, it's perfect.

Q. Do I need a comma after já que?

A. No, the comma goes before the whole phrase.

Q. Can I use que to mean 'because'?

A. Yes, in quick commands like Corre, que o ônibus vem!

Reference Table

Connector Formality Level Key Usage Nuance
`Pois` Neutral/Formal Classic alternative to `porque`; requires a comma.
`Já que` Informal/Neutral Used when the reason is evident or known.
`Visto que` Formal Objective and logical; great for reports.
`Uma vez que` Neutral/Formal Highly versatile; works in speech and writing.
`Porquanto` Very Formal Literary or legal; sounds very sophisticated.
`Dado que` Formal Focuses on a specific given fact as a cause.
💡

The Comma Rule

Think of `pois` as a 'comma-loving' connector. It almost always wants a comma before it. Without the comma, your sentence can feel like it's running a marathon without breathing.

⚠️

Formality Warning

If you use `porquanto` in a text message to your mom, she might think you've been hacked by a 19th-century poet. Save it for your thesis or a law exam.

🎯

Professional Pro-Tip

Start using `visto que` in your work emails instead of `porque`. It instantly makes your arguments sound more objective and data-driven. It's a small change with a big impact.

💬

Flavor your Speech

Portuguese culture values a bit of 'flavour' in speech. Using varied connectors shows you are an educated speaker. It's like adding the right spices to a dish – don't just use salt (`porque`) for everything.

Exemples

10
#1 Basic explanation

Eles não chegaram a tempo, `pois` o trânsito estava terrível.

Focus: pois

They didn't arrive on time, because the traffic was terrible.

A very common and safe way to sound more fluent than using 'porque'.

#2 Known context

`Já que` você está aqui, pode me ajudar com este relatório?

Focus: já que

Since you are here, can you help me with this report?

Implies both speakers are aware of the situation.

#3 Objective cause

A empresa lucrou, `visto que` os custos foram reduzidos drasticamente.

Focus: visto que

The company made a profit, given that costs were drastically reduced.

Perfect for a professional or academic environment.

#4 Formal writing

O réu foi absolvido, `porquanto` não havia provas suficientes.

Focus: porquanto

The defendant was acquitted, as there was not enough evidence.

Avoid using this in casual conversation at the bakery!

#5 Versatile use

Decidimos adiar a viagem, `uma vez que` a previsão é de chuva.

Focus: uma vez que

We decided to postpone the trip, since rain is in the forecast.

A great 'all-rounder' for C1 students.

#6 Specific fact

`Dado que` o prazo encerra amanhã, precisamos correr.

Focus: dado que

Given that the deadline ends tomorrow, we need to hurry.

Links the result to a specific, undeniable data point.

#7 Common mistake corrected

✗ Não coma isso pois está estragado. → ✓ Não coma isso, `pois` está estragado.

Focus: pois

Don't eat that, because it's spoiled.

The comma is mandatory before 'pois' when it explains a reason.

#8 Subtle comma error

✗ Ele saiu visto, que era tarde. → ✓ Ele saiu, `visto que` era tarde.

Focus: visto que

He left, since it was late.

The comma shouldn't split the connector itself.

#9 Advanced logic

O projeto foi um sucesso, `haja vista que` todos os objetivos foram batidos.

Focus: haja vista que

The project was a success, considering that all goals were met.

A very high-level expression used to point out a reason.

#10 Informal urgency

Faz silêncio, `que` o bebê acabou de dormir!

Focus: que

Be quiet, because the baby just fell asleep!

In speech, 'que' can act as a very short 'because'.

Teste-toi

Choose the most appropriate formal connector for a professional setting.

A conferência foi cancelada, ___ o palestrante adoeceu.

✓ Correct ! ✗ Pas tout à fait. Rponse correcte : b

At a formal dinner or professional event, `visto que` provides the right level of sophistication.

Pick the connector that implies the reason is evident to the listener.

___ está chovendo, vamos ficar em casa assistindo um filme.

✓ Correct ! ✗ Pas tout à fait. Rponse correcte : a

`Já que` is perfect when the reason (the rain) is obvious to everyone involved.

Select the literary/formal connector to complete this high-level sentence.

O contrato foi rescindido, ___ as cláusulas não foram respeitadas.

✓ Correct ! ✗ Pas tout à fait. Rponse correcte : c

`Porquanto` is the most formal option and fits the serious, legalistic tone of the sentence.

🎉 Score : /3

Aides visuelles

Nuance Comparison: Why choose which?

Evident Reason
Já que since you asked...
Logical Reason
Visto que considering the facts...
Formal Reason
Porquanto due to the fact that...

The Connector Decision Tree

1

Is the reason obvious to the listener?

YES ↓
NO
Use 'Visto que' or 'Uma vez que'.
2

Use 'Já que'.

YES ↓
NO
Go to next step.
3

Is this a formal legal document?

YES ↓
NO
Stick to 'Pois' or 'Porque'.
4

Use 'Porquanto'.

YES ↓
NO
Great choice!

Contextual Categories

👔

Professional

  • porquanto
  • haja vista que

Conversational

  • já que
  • pois
📝

Academic

  • visto que
  • dado que

Questions fréquentes

22 questions

An explanatory connector is a word or phrase that links an action to its reason. It answers the question 'why' in a sophisticated way using terms like pois or visto que.

Using pois instead of porque makes you sound more advanced and less repetitive. It's the standard first step for B2 students moving into the C1 level.

Yes, porquanto is still very much alive in legal documents and classic literature. However, if you say it at a party, people might think you are joking or being ironic.

It is better not to start with Pois for reasons. Instead, use Como at the start, like Como estava frio, usei casaco.

Visto que is slightly more formal and objective. Já que is more conversational and implies the listener already knows the reason you are giving.

No, all these explanatory connectors use the indicative mood. You are stating a fact or a reason, so there is no need for the 'uncertainty' of the subjunctive.

In informal speech, como can be a connector if placed at the start. For example: Como você não ligou, eu saí.

Punctuation is crucial! For explanatory pois, you must put a comma *before* it. If you put commas *around* it, it usually means 'therefore', not 'because'.

You can use pois at the end as an emphatic 'yes' (Pois é!), but as an explanatory connector, it must be in the middle.

Yes! In quick speech or commands, que works perfectly. Vem logo, que o jantar esfria! is very common among friends and family.

Yes, they are used in both, but pois is slightly more frequent in European Portuguese speech than in Brazilian speech.

The most formal is definitely porquanto. It’s essentially the tuxedo of Portuguese grammar.

You can, but mixing in some visto que or uma vez que will make you sound much more professional and prepared.

Vary your choices! Use pois for the first reason, and já que or visto que for the second one. This keeps your text interesting.

Pois que is a bit redundant and rare nowadays. Stick to just pois or visto que for a cleaner, more modern sound.

Visto como is much rarer and usually implies a manner of seeing things. Visto que is the standard choice for explaining a cause.

In a thesis, prioritize visto que, dado que, and porquanto. They show a high level of academic command.

The most common mistake is forgetting the comma before pois. Without it, the sentence feels rushed and grammatically incorrect.

Yes! Vire à esquerda, pois a rua principal está fechada. It makes your directions sound very clear and logical.

Logic connectors like visto que feel more 'brainy'. Emotion connectors like já que feel more 'social'. Choose based on your mood!

The best 'all-round' C1 choice is uma vez que. It's professional but not stiff, and clear but not basic.

It's pronounced /por-KWAN-tu/. Make sure to emphasize the 'quan' part clearly. It sounds quite melodic!

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