Hindi First Causative Ver
Add '-aana' and shorten the root vowel to turn 'doing' into 'causing to do'.
The Rule in 30 Seconds
- Adds '-aa' to verb stems.
- Shortens long root vowels.
- Means 'to cause/help' do.
- Implies direct involvement.
Quick Reference
| Simple Verb (Meaning) | Root Vowel Change | First Causative (Meaning) | Example Context |
|---|---|---|---|
| padhna (to read) | a -> a (no change) | padhana (to teach) | Teaching a class |
| likhna (to write) | i -> i (no change) | likhana (to dictate) | Dictating a letter |
| seekhna (to learn) | ee -> i | sikhaana (to teach skill) | Driving lessons |
| khaana (to eat) | aa -> i (+l) | khilana (to feed) | Feeding a child |
| peena (to drink) | ee -> i (+l) | pilana (to serve drink) | Offering water |
| sona (to sleep) | o -> u (+l) | sulana (to put to sleep) | Putting baby to bed |
| baithna (to sit) | ai -> i | bithana (to seat) | Seating guests |
主な例文
3 / 9Main bachche को खाना khila रहा हूं.
I am feeding the child.
Kya aap मुझे यह raasta dikha sakte हैं?
Can you show me this path?
Maa ने bachche को sulaya.
Mother put the child to sleep.
The 'L' Factor
If a verb ends in a vowel like 'khana' or 'peena', stick an 'L' in there before the causative ending. 'Kha-aana' sounds weird; 'Khi-la-ana' flows like butter.
Shorten those Vowels!
Beginners often say 'Ghoom-aana'. Don't be that person. Shorten the root to 'Ghum-aana'. It's snappier.
The Rule in 30 Seconds
- Adds '-aa' to verb stems.
- Shortens long root vowels.
- Means 'to cause/help' do.
- Implies direct involvement.
Overview
Imagine you are not just doing an action, but you are making someone else do it, or helping them do it. That is the superpower of First Causative Verbs in Hindi. In English, we usually need extra words like "make," "have," or "help" (e.g., "I made him eat" or "I showed him the photo"). In Hindi? We just tweak the verb itself! It is cleaner, faster, and frankly, makes you sound like a local genius.
How This Grammar Works
Standard verbs describe what *you* do (I eat, I sleep). First Causative verbs describe what you cause *someone else* to do directly. Often, this involves physical contact or direct interaction. Think of it as "active help" or "direct influence."
- Simple:
देखना(dekhna) (to see) - Causative:
dikhana(to show - literally "to cause to see")
Formation Pattern
- 1Creating these is like a little puzzle. Usually, you add an -aa sound to the verb stem. But wait! The root vowel often gets shorter. It is like the verb goes on a diet to fit the extra suffix.
- 2Take the root: Remove
-nafrom the simple verb (e.g.,बोलना(bolna) →bol). - 3Shorten the root vowel (if it is long):
- 4
आ(aa) becomesa(jaagna→jagaana) - 5
ee/e/aibecomesi(seekhna→sikhaana) - 6
oo/o/aubecomesu(सोना(sona) →sulana- notice theloften appears for vowels!) - 7Add
-aanato the end.
When To Use It
Use this pattern when you are directly involved in the action.
- You are feeding a baby (
khilana), not just ordering pizza for them. - You are teaching a friend (
sikhana), not just hiring a tutor. - You are waking someone up (
jagaana) by shaking their shoulder.
When Not To Use It
Don't use this if you are asking a third party to do the job. If you pay a mechanic to fix your car, that is the Second Causative (which we will cover later). First causative implies *you* are part of the scene.
Common Mistakes
- Forgetting the vowel shift: Learners often say
seekhaanainstead ofsikhaana. Remember, the root gets short! - Confusing
milna:milnais "to meet/get."milaanais "to introduce/mix." Don't mix them up unless you are actually mixing ingredients!
Contrast With Similar Patterns
- Transitive Verbs: Some verbs are just transitive versions of intransitive ones (
banna- to be made vs.banana- to make). These look exactly like first causatives and behave the same way. Honestly, the line is blurry, so don't sweat the terminology too much.
Quick FAQ
Q: Can every verb become causative?
Most can! But some, like aana (to come) or जाना (jana) (to go), usually don't follow this standard pattern logically.
Q: Why is there an 'l' in sulana?
Verbs ending in vowels (like सोना (sona), पीना (peena)) often add an 'l' to make it flow better. Saying suaana would sound like you are yawning.
Reference Table
| Simple Verb (Meaning) | Root Vowel Change | First Causative (Meaning) | Example Context |
|---|---|---|---|
| padhna (to read) | a -> a (no change) | padhana (to teach) | Teaching a class |
| likhna (to write) | i -> i (no change) | likhana (to dictate) | Dictating a letter |
| seekhna (to learn) | ee -> i | sikhaana (to teach skill) | Driving lessons |
| khaana (to eat) | aa -> i (+l) | khilana (to feed) | Feeding a child |
| peena (to drink) | ee -> i (+l) | pilana (to serve drink) | Offering water |
| sona (to sleep) | o -> u (+l) | sulana (to put to sleep) | Putting baby to bed |
| baithna (to sit) | ai -> i | bithana (to seat) | Seating guests |
The 'L' Factor
If a verb ends in a vowel like 'khana' or 'peena', stick an 'L' in there before the causative ending. 'Kha-aana' sounds weird; 'Khi-la-ana' flows like butter.
Shorten those Vowels!
Beginners often say 'Ghoom-aana'. Don't be that person. Shorten the root to 'Ghum-aana'. It's snappier.
Hospitality Language
You'll hear 'Khilana/Pilana' constantly in India. Guests are treated like gods, so people are always 'feeding' and 'giving drink' to them, not just letting them eat!
Transitive Trick
Many intransitive verbs (action happens to self) become transitive (action done to object) just by using this First Causative form. Example: 'Girna' (to fall) -> 'Giraana' (to drop).
例文
9Main bachche को खाना khila रहा हूं.
Focus: khila
I am feeding the child.
Direct action of feeding.
Kya aap मुझे यह raasta dikha sakte हैं?
Focus: dikha
Can you show me this path?
Literally 'cause me to see'.
Maa ने bachche को sulaya.
Focus: sulaya
Mother put the child to sleep.
Past tense usage.
Kripya मुझे pani pilaiye.
Focus: pilaiye
Please give me water to drink.
Formal request.
Usne मुझे बहुत hasaya.
Focus: hasaya
He made me laugh a lot.
Abstract causation (emotion).
✗ Main use hindi seekhata हूं.
Focus: seekhata
I teach him Hindi.
Correction: Should be 'sikhata' (short 'i').
✓ Main use hindi sikhata हूं.
Focus: sikhata
I teach him Hindi.
Correct vowel shortening applied.
Rahul ने darwaza khola.
Focus: khola
Rahul opened the door.
Edge case: 'khulna' (open itself) -> 'kholna' (open something).
Doctor mariiz को dawai pilata है.
Focus: pilata
The doctor administers medicine to the patient.
Professional context.
自分をテスト
Choose the correct causative form for 'to learn' (seekhna).
Main apne भाई को गाड़ी chalana ___ हूं. (Main apne bhai ko gadi chalana ___ hoon.)
You are directly teaching him. 'Seekhta' is you learning. 'Sikhata' is you teaching.
Select the correct form for 'to sleep' (sona).
Maa baby को ___ रही है. (Maa baby ko ___ rahi hai.)
Mother is putting the baby to sleep directly, so we use the first causative 'sula'.
Pick the right word for 'to show' (dekhna -> dikhana).
मुझे अपनी नयी car ___. (Mujhe apni nayi car ___.)
You want someone to show you the car directly.
🎉 スコア: /3
ビジュアル学習ツール
Vowel Shortening Rules
Which Verb to Use?
Are you doing it yourself?
Are you doing it TO someone directly?
Common Irregular Causatives
Eat/Drink Group
- • Khana -> Khilana
- • Peena -> Pilana
Sleep/Sit Group
- • Sona -> Sulana
- • Baithna -> Bithana
よくある質問
22 問It's a verb form that shows you are causing an action to happen. Instead of just 'eating', you are 'causing someone to eat' (feeding). In Hindi, we do this by changing the verb खाना (khana) to khilana.
Often, yes! Turning an intransitive verb like girna (to fall) into girana (to drop) makes it transitive. It's the same mechanic, just a fancy grammar name.
If the verb root ends in a vowel (like खा (kha), pi, सो (so), de), insert 'l'. It prevents two vowel sounds from crashing into each other. Sona -> Sulana.
Usually it's predictable, but sometimes it shifts slightly. Padhna is to read/study, but padhana specifically means to teach (cause to study).
Absolutely. You can jalana (burn/light) a candle, or girana (drop) a phone. The object doesn't have to be a person.
The tense endings apply to the new causative verb just like any other verb. Main khilata हूं (Main khilata hoon) (Present), Main khilaunga (Future).
Karvana is the Second Causative. It implies you are getting a third person to do it. Karana (First Causative) implies you are making it happen directly.
Yes, Aayiye, baithiye is 'Come, sit'. Unhe bithao is 'Seat them'. It's a standard way to offer a seat to a guest.
The 'e' sound shortens to 'i'. It's a phonetic rule to keep the rhythm of the word quick. Dikhana rolls off the tongue better.
It is karana (to cause to do / to get done). Example: Kaam karana (To get work done).
No! That means 'I eat him'. Cannibalism is generally frowned upon. You must say Main use khilata हूं (Main use khilata hoon).
Not really. You typically use a different phrase, like 'to send' (bhejna), rather than trying to make जाना (jana) causative.
Yaad करना (Yaad karna) is to remember. Yaad dilana is to remind (literally: to cause to give memory). Note: dilana is the causative of देना (dena).
Dilana. It usually means 'to cause to give' or 'to get something for someone'. E.g., Papa ने मुझे phone dilaya (Papa ne mujhe phone dilaya) (Dad got me a phone).
Yes! Samajhna is to understand. Samjhana is to explain (cause to understand). Very useful word!
Group them! List all 'aa' -> 'a' verbs, then 'ee' -> 'i' verbs. Practice saying them in pairs: jaag/jaga, jeet/jita.
Yes, they are transitive, so they take 'ne'. मैंने use hasaya (Maine use hasaya) (I made him laugh).
You can use 'verb + madad karna' (help to...) or similar phrases, but native speakers will notice. It's worth learning the proper forms.
Yes. Sunna = to listen/hear. Sunana = to tell/recite (cause to hear). E.g., Kahani sunana (to tell a story).
Standard Hindi is quite consistent here. You might hear slight accent differences in vowels, but the aana suffix is universal.
Yes, dhona becomes dhulana (to get washed). Kapde dhulana.
Likely बैठना (baithna) -> bithana because the spelling changes slightly more than others, or देना (dena) -> dilana.
まずこれを学ぼう
これらの概念を理解することで、この文法ルールをマスターしやすくなります。
関連する文法
Hindi Causatives: Using -
Overview Ever wanted to be the boss? Well, Hindi Causatives are your grammatical promotion. In standard sentences, you d...
First Causative Verbs
Overview Ever wish you could get someone else to do your work for you? Or maybe you just want to say you 'fed' the dog i...
Expressing Sudden
Overview Ever had a moment where you just *burst* out laughing? or a bird suddenly *flew* away before you could snap a p...
Combining Multiple Modals for Nu
Overview Welcome to the big leagues! You already know how to say "I can do it" (`मैं कर saktā hūn` (`main kar saktā hūn`...
Expressing Poss
Overview Life isn't always black and white, right? Sometimes you're not 100% sure. That's where **Expressing Possibility...
コメント (0)
ログインしてコメント無料で言語学習を始めよう
無料で始める