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Adding Nuance with Advanced Verbs

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A2 verbs_advanced 3 min de leitura

Using Dena to Do Favors

Attach `देना` (`dena`) to a verb root to show an action is done for others or directed outwardly.

The Rule in 30 Seconds

  • Use `root` + `dena` for favors.
  • Implies benefit to someone else.
  • Conjugate `dena`, keep root static.
  • Don't use for self-benefit (use `lena`).

Quick Reference

Main Verb (Root) + Dena Form English Nuance Context
karna (do) kar dena Do (for someone) Favors / Tasks
dena (give) de dena Give (away) Handing over
bolna (speak) bol dena Speak up / Tell Communication
bhejna (send) bhej dena Send (off) Dispatching
dikhana (show) dikha dena Show (to someone) Demonstrating
khareedna (buy) khareed dena Buy (for someone) Gifting / Favors

Exemplos-chave

3 de 10
1

मेरा kaam कर दो.

Please do my work (for me).

2

उसने कल chitthhi bhej दी.

He sent the letter yesterday.

3

Chinta मत करो, मैं तुम्हें samjha dunga.

Don't worry, I will explain it to you.

🎯

The 'Give' Illusion

Don't translate `देना` (`dena`) literally here. If you say `mar देना` (`mar dena`), it means 'kill' (literally hit-give), not 'give death'. Treat it as a completion marker!

💬

Politeness Cheat Code

Using `देना` (`dena`) in imperatives (commands) makes you sound less bossy. `Darwaza kholo` is an order. `Darwaza khol दो` (`Darwaza khol do`) is a request.

The Rule in 30 Seconds

  • Use `root` + `dena` for favors.
  • Implies benefit to someone else.
  • Conjugate `dena`, keep root static.
  • Don't use for self-benefit (use `lena`).

Overview

Think of देना (dena) (to give) as the ultimate "wingman" of Hindi verbs. Alone, it means "to give," but when you attach it to another verb, it changes the vibe completely. It tells the listener that an action is being done for someone else's benefit or is being directed away from the doer. It turns a simple "I cooked" into "I cooked (for you/them)." It’s the difference between doing a job and doing a favor.

How This Grammar Works

In Hindi, we often combine two verbs. The first one carries the meaning (the "meat"), and the second one carries the shade of meaning (the "flavor"). देना (dena) is the flavor text for "favors" or "outward actions."

If you say मैं chitthhi likhunga (main chitthhi likhunga) (I will write a letter), it's neutral. If you say मैं chitthhi likh dunga (main chitthhi likh dunga), it implies, "I'll write the letter (and send it off/for you/get it done)." It sounds more complete and helpful. It’s like adding a polite nod to your sentence.

Formation Pattern

  1. 1Take the stem of the main verb (remove ना (na)).
  2. 2Add the verb देना (dena) conjugated according to the tense/person.
  3. 3Formula: Root Verb + देना (dena) (conjugated)
  4. 4For example, with करना (karna) (to do):
  5. 5Stem: कर (kar)
  6. 6Past tense: कर दिया (kar diya) (did it for someone/completed it)
  7. 7Future: कर dunga (kar dunga) (will do it for someone)

When To Use It

  • Doing Favors: When offering help. "I'll wash the dishes" becomes मैं bartan धो dunga (main bartan dho dunga).
  • Requests: When asking someone to do something for you. "Read this" becomes यह parh दो (yeh parh do) (Read this *for me*).
  • Finality: When an action is finished completely and impacts the outside world. "He broke the glass" -> उसने gilaas tod दिया (usne gilaas tod diya).

When Not To Use It

  • Intransitive Verbs: You usually don't use देना (dena) with verbs that don't take an object (like sleeping, falling, coming). You can't "sleep for someone" in this grammatical sense.
  • Reflexive Actions: If you do something for *yourself*, you use लेना (lena) (to take), not देना (dena). Don't say मैंने खा दिया (maine kha diya) (I ate for someone else? Weird.). You say मैंने खा लिया (maine kha liya) (I ate [for myself]).

Common Mistakes

  • Using it with 'lena': Beginners often mix up लेना (lena) and देना (dena) as helpers. Remember: देना (dena) = outgoing/others; लेना (lena) = incoming/self.
  • Forgetting the object: Since देना (dena) implies doing something to something/someone, there's usually an object involved.
  • Overthinking the "Give" meaning: Don't translate bhej देना (bhej dena) as "send give." It's just "send (out)."

Contrast With Similar Patterns

  • Dena vs. Lena:
  • parh देना (parh dena): Read (out loud/for someone).
  • parh लेना (parh lena): Read (silently/for yourself).
  • Simple Verb vs. Compound:
  • मैं करता हूँ (main karta hoon): I do (habitual/neutral).
  • मैं कर deta हूँ (main kar deta hoon): I do it (for you/decisively).

Quick FAQ

Q: Can I use this with every verb?

Mostly transitive verbs (verbs with objects). You can't really सो देना (so dena) (sleep give).

Q: Does it change the tense?

No, the helper verb देना (dena) takes the tense markers. The main verb stays in its root form.

Q: Is it rude to omit it?

Not rude, just dry. Using देना (dena) in requests (पानी पीला दो (paani pila do)) sounds much more natural and polite than just पानी पिलाओ (paani pilao).

Reference Table

Main Verb (Root) + Dena Form English Nuance Context
karna (do) kar dena Do (for someone) Favors / Tasks
dena (give) de dena Give (away) Handing over
bolna (speak) bol dena Speak up / Tell Communication
bhejna (send) bhej dena Send (off) Dispatching
dikhana (show) dikha dena Show (to someone) Demonstrating
khareedna (buy) khareed dena Buy (for someone) Gifting / Favors
🎯

The 'Give' Illusion

Don't translate `देना` (`dena`) literally here. If you say `mar देना` (`mar dena`), it means 'kill' (literally hit-give), not 'give death'. Treat it as a completion marker!

💬

Politeness Cheat Code

Using `देना` (`dena`) in imperatives (commands) makes you sound less bossy. `Darwaza kholo` is an order. `Darwaza khol दो` (`Darwaza khol do`) is a request.

⚠️

Transitive Only

You generally can't use `देना` (`dena`) with verbs like laughing, crying, or sleeping. You can't `रो देना` (`ro dena`) (cry give) in a normal context.

💡

The Favor Test

If you can add 'for me' or 'for them' to the English sentence naturally, you probably need `देना` (`dena`) in Hindi.

Exemplos

10
#1 मेरा kaam कर दो (mera kaam kar do)

मेरा kaam कर दो.

Focus: कर दो (kar do)

Please do my work (for me).

Imperative (command) form.

#2 उसने chitthhi bhej दी (usne chitthhi bhej di)

उसने कल chitthhi bhej दी.

Focus: bhej दी (bhej di)

He sent the letter yesterday.

Past tense. `bhej` + `di` (feminine for chitthhi).

#3 मैं तुम्हें samjha dunga (main tumhe samjha dunga)

Chinta मत करो, मैं तुम्हें samjha dunga.

Focus: samjha dunga (samjha dunga)

Don't worry, I will explain it to you.

Future tense. Implies reassurance.

#4 क्या तुम यह phek doge? (kya tum yeh phek doge?)

क्या तुम यह kachra phek doge?

Focus: phek doge (phek doge)

Will you throw away this trash?

Requesting a favor.

#5 उसने सब bata दिया (usne sab bata diya)

उसने police को सब सच bata दिया.

Focus: bata दिया (bata diya)

He told the police the whole truth.

Revealing information (outward flow).

#6 मैंने खाना bana दिया (दायाँ) vs मैंने खाना banaya (Neutral) (maine khana bana diya (Right) vs maine khana banaya (Neutral))

मैंने तुम्हारे लिये खाना bana दिया.

Focus: bana दिया (bana diya)

I made food for you.

Shows the effort was for the listener.

#7 paise वापस कर देना (paise wapas kar dena)

जब हो sake, paise वापस कर देना.

Focus: वापस कर देना (wapas kar dena)

Return the money when you can.

Polite instruction.

#8 chal देना (Edge case) (chal dena (Edge case))

वो bina bole chal दिया.

Focus: chal दिया (chal diya)

He walked off without speaking.

Here `dena` adds a sense of suddenness or decisiveness.

#9 Mistake: मैंने खा दिया (Mistake: maine kha diya)

Incorrect: मैंने खाना खा दिया. (Correct: मैंने खाना खा लिया.)

Focus: खा दिया (kha diya)

I ate the food.

Eating benefits the self, so use `lena`, not `dena`.

#10 Mistake: मैं sounga दिया (Mistake: main sounga diya)

Incorrect: मैं sounga दिया. (Correct: मैं सो गया.)

Focus: sounga दिया (sounga diya)

I slept.

Sleep is intransitive; cannot use `dena`.

Teste-se

Complete the request: "Please show me the menu."

मुझे menu ___ दो. (Mujhe menu ___ do.)

✓ Correto! ✗ Quase. Resposta certa: dikha (dikha)

We use the root `dikha` from `dikhana` (to show) + `दो` (`do`).

Translate: "I sent the email."

मैंने email ___ दिया. (Maine email ___ diya.)

✓ Correto! ✗ Quase. Resposta certa: bhej (bhej)

Root of `bhejna` is `bhej`.

Choose the right helper: "I bought a car (for myself)."

मैंने गाड़ी khareed ___. (Maine gaadi khareed ___.)

✓ Correto! ✗ Quase. Resposta certa: ली (li)

Buying for yourself benefits you, so use `लेना` (`lena`) (`ली` (`li`)), not `देना` (`dena`).

🎉 Pontuação: /3

Recursos visuais

Lena vs. Dena

Lena (Inward)
Padh lena Read (to self)
Kha lena Eat (for self)
Dena (Outward)
Padh dena Read (aloud/to other)
De dena Give (away)

Should I use Dena?

1

Is the action for someone else?

YES ↓
NO
Check 'Lena'
2

Is it a transitive verb (has an object)?

YES ↓
NO
Don't use Dena
3

Is the action complete?

YES ↓
NO
Use Continuous tense
4

Use Root + Dena!

Common Dena Verbs

🗣️

Communication

  • • bol dena
  • • bata dena
  • • samjha dena
💸

Transactions

  • • bech dena
  • • khareed dena
  • • de dena
🔧

Services

  • • bana dena
  • • dhona dena
  • • theek kar dena

Perguntas frequentes

20 perguntas

It's grammatically correct but lacks nuance. मैं ye karunga (Main ye karunga) is factual. मैं ye कर dunga (Main ye kar dunga) shows willingness and helpfulness.

Yes! दे देना (De dena) is extremely common. It means to 'give away' or 'hand over' something completely.

90% of the time, yes. Sometimes it just emphasizes that the action is directed away from the subject, like phek देना (phek dena) (throw away).

Change देना (dena) to दिया (diya) (masc), दी (di) (fem), or दिये (diye) (pl). The main verb root stays untouched. E.g., उसने kaam कर दिया (usne kaam kar diya).

Because the first verb must be the **root/stem** only. किया (Kiya) is past tense; कर (kar) is the root.

No! Eating benefits you, so use लेना (lena) -> खा लिया (kha liya). Unless you forcibly fed someone else (rare context).

Rarely. You wouldn't usually say वो कर दे रहा है (woh kar de raha hai). Compound verbs are mostly for completed or intended actions, not ongoing ones.

Usually, compound verbs break apart in the negative. Instead of मैं नहीं कर dunga (main nahi kar dunga), we often just say मैं नहीं karunga (main nahi karunga) (simple future).

Batana is 'to tell'. Bata देना (Bata dena) is 'to inform' or 'let someone know'. It implies ensuring the message is delivered.

The root is जा (ja). But जा देना (ja dena) isn't used. We use chale जाना (chale jana) or chal देना (chal dena).

Not usually. मिलना (Milna) is intransitive in Hindi logic (to be met/to be available). You can't मिल देना (mil dena).

In past tense (ne-construction), it matches the **object**. मैंने किताब (fem) दे दी (Maine kitab (fem) de di). मैंने phone (masc) दे दिया (Maine phone (masc) de diya).

It means 'to put down' or 'keep away'. किताब mez पर रख दो (Kitab mez par rakh do) (Put the book on the table).

It can be both! कर dijiye (Kar dijiye) is formal (using polite form of dena). कर दो (Kar do) is informal.

To leave, abandon, or drop off. मैंने उसे station पर chod दिया (Maine use station par chod diya) (I dropped him at the station).

No, that would be conflicting directions! Pick one based on who benefits.

That's different. Sunai देना (Sunai dena) means 'to be audible'. Here देना (dena) is part of a specific phrase, not just a helper.

मेरे लिये यह parh दो (Mere liye yeh parh do). The 'mere liye' is optional because दो (do) already implies it's a favor.

That's a paradox! Grammatically, if it benefits you, use लेना (lena). मैंने shirt khareed ली (Maine shirt khareed li) (I bought a shirt [for myself]).

All the time. "Bhula dena" (Forget me/it) is a classic tear-jerker phrase meaning "erase from memory completely."

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