اِسْتِحْدَاث

A physical object or an abstract means used to perform a task or achieve a goal. Used metaphorically in IELTS for 'analytical tools'.

Relating to something that is not real but made to appear so by software (virtual), or something based on a hypothesis (hypothetical).

The action of creating or designing something that has not existed before, typically a process or device. It is a key driver of human progress.

Information, especially facts or numbers, collected to be examined and considered and used to help decision-making. In academic contexts, it refers to the raw material of research.

A detailed description of the design and materials used to make something; specific requirements.

The process of establishing the truth, accuracy, or validity of something.

The action of returning something to a former owner, place, or condition; recovery of something lost.

The act of making something modern or up to date, such as software, a building, or a system of thought.

Relating to electricity or powered by electricity. It describes appliances, circuits, or energy forms.

A planned series of future events, items, or performances, or a set of coded instructions for a computer.