関税

A sovereign state that has a high quality of life, a developed economy, and advanced technological infrastructure. These nations are typically contrasted with developing countries in academic discussions.

A nation with a less developed industrial base and a low Human Development Index (HDI) relative to other countries.

A period of temporary economic decline during which trade and industrial activity are reduced, generally identified by a fall in GDP in two successive quarters.

International trade left to its natural course without tariffs, quotas, or other restrictions.

Added value. The extra value created by a company or individual through processing, branding, or services beyond the original cost of materials.

The act of collecting money, such as taxes, fees, or fines, by an authority or organization.

A numerical scale used to compare variables with one another or with a reference point, often in economics or science.

The supply of people in a particular country or area who are able and willing to work, in relation to the number of jobs available.

An economic and political system in which a country's trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit, rather than by the state.

A general increase in prices and fall in the purchasing value of money. It is the shortened form of 'inflation' and is the standard term in both casual and professional Japanese.