기준

A feature or quality that is shared by two or more people or things. Comparing and contrasting is a frequent task in IELTS.

Lasting or intended to last or remain unchanged forever. Often used in contrast with 'temporary'.

Growing or developing naturally without outside help or influence. It refers to something that originates from within a specific environment or system spontaneously.

An act of trying to do something, especially something new or difficult.

Working hard and carefully; diligent. It describes a person who consistently puts in effort and is dedicated to their work or studies.

To acquire something by paying money for it. It is a more formal and academic term for 'to buy'.

Playing a central, pivotal, or most important role in a system, organization, or process.

To organize, consolidate, repair, or refurbish a system, law, or equipment to make it function properly and efficiently.

To increase and complete something that is insufficient, typically referring to facilities, equipment, or manpower. It implies not just increasing but filling up a required capacity.

The act of establishing something firmly, such as a system, theory, authority, or order. It implies making something stable and certain.