استنساخ

The state of things overlapping or interfering with one another. Frequently used in TOEFL science passages (light interference) or social studies (overlapping cultures).

Relating to or based on experiments or trial-and-error; preliminary or not yet final.

Relating to practical work done by a scientist, researcher, or student in the real world rather than in a library or laboratory.

The process of establishing the truth of something through evidence or logic. A key concept in TOEFL scientific and mathematical contexts.

The state of being scarce or in short supply; rarity. Common in TOEFL passages regarding economics, resources, or rare species.

A substance or factor that increases the rate of a chemical reaction or encourages a process to happen. In a broader context, it refers to any incentive or stimulus that provokes activity or change.

A particular order in which related events, movements, or things follow each other. It is also used in biology to describe the order of nucleotides in DNA.

The state of being twisted together or intertwined in a complex way. It is often used to describe complex systems, neural networks, or complicated social relationships.

The process of adjusting or conforming to new conditions or environments. In biology, it refers to the evolutionary process where a population becomes better suited to its habitat.

The process of gradually disappearing, fading away, or becoming null. Used in physics (waves) or metaphorical contexts (hopes, memories).