C1 Expression フォーマル 3分で読める

The third chapter discusses

Academic essay writing expression

Use this phrase to guide readers through complex documents by clearly stating each section's purpose.

15秒でわかる

  • A formal way to introduce a specific section's topic.
  • Commonly used in academic essays, reports, and non-fiction.
  • Personifies the text to create an objective, professional tone.

意味

This phrase is a polite and professional way to introduce the main topic of a specific section in a long document or book.

主な例文

3 / 6
1

Writing a university thesis

The third chapter discusses the methodology used in the study.

The third chapter discusses the methodology used in the study.

💼
2

Reviewing a non-fiction book

The third chapter discusses the rise of the Roman Empire.

The third chapter discusses the rise of the Roman Empire.

🤝
3

Texting a classmate about homework

I'm stuck because the third chapter discusses math I never learned!

I'm stuck because the third chapter discusses math I never learned!

😊
🌍

文化的背景

This phrase reflects the Western academic preference for 'active' texts and clear signposting. It allows writers to remain objective by giving the text itself agency, a common practice in English-speaking scholarly traditions since the early 20th century.

💡

Vary Your Verbs

Don't use 'discusses' for every chapter. Try 'explores', 'examines', or 'outlines' to keep your writing fresh.

⚠️

Watch the Tense

Always use the present tense ('discusses') even if you wrote the chapter in the past. The text is considered a living document.

15秒でわかる

  • A formal way to introduce a specific section's topic.
  • Commonly used in academic essays, reports, and non-fiction.
  • Personifies the text to create an objective, professional tone.

What It Means

Think of this as a roadmap for your reader. It acts like a friendly tour guide. It points at a specific part of your work. It tells the reader what is coming next. You are giving the chapter its own voice. It is a common way to organize big ideas. It makes your writing feel very professional.

How To Use It

Put this phrase at the start of a section. You can also use it in your introduction. Follow it with a clear noun phrase. For example, The third chapter discusses climate change. Use it to link your ideas together. It creates a bridge for your reader. This makes your writing flow like a river. It helps people find information quickly. Always use the present tense. We say discusses, not discussed. This is because the book is always there. It is a 'timeless' truth in writing. It makes your work feel permanent and solid.

When To Use It

This is perfect for your university essays. Use it in business reports to look smart. It works well in non-fiction books too. Use it when you have a lot of data. It is great for long documents. It shows you are a serious writer. Use it during a thesis defense or a presentation. It helps the audience follow your logic.

When NOT To Use It

Do not use this in a casual text. Your friends will think you are a robot! Avoid it in fiction stories. It is too stiff for a quick chat. Do not use it for very short emails. It feels too heavy for a simple note. Keep it for formal writing projects. Don't use it if your document only has one page.

Cultural Background

In English academia, we pretend the book is alive. We call this 'personification.' It makes the writing feel more objective. It moves focus from 'me' to the 'work.' English speakers value directness in formal writing. We want to know the plan immediately. Using this phrase shows you are organized. It shows you respect the reader's time. It is a secret handshake of the academic world.

Common Variations

You can swap discusses for other strong verbs. Try explores for a deep dive. Use examines for a closer look. Outlines is great for a quick summary. Details works for specific facts. Analyzes is perfect for complex data. Covers is a bit more relaxed but still professional.

使い方のコツ

This phrase is strictly formal and should be used in structured documents. Ensure you follow it with a noun or a noun phrase, never a full sentence starting with 'that'.

💡

Vary Your Verbs

Don't use 'discusses' for every chapter. Try 'explores', 'examines', or 'outlines' to keep your writing fresh.

⚠️

Watch the Tense

Always use the present tense ('discusses') even if you wrote the chapter in the past. The text is considered a living document.

💬

The 'I' Taboo

In many English academic circles, using 'I' is discouraged. This phrase is a clever way to avoid saying 'In this chapter, I will talk about...'

例文

6
#1 Writing a university thesis
💼

The third chapter discusses the methodology used in the study.

The third chapter discusses the methodology used in the study.

This is a standard way to introduce a technical section.

#2 Reviewing a non-fiction book
🤝

The third chapter discusses the rise of the Roman Empire.

The third chapter discusses the rise of the Roman Empire.

Used here to summarize content for a reader.

#3 Texting a classmate about homework
😊

I'm stuck because the third chapter discusses math I never learned!

I'm stuck because the third chapter discusses math I never learned!

A slightly more casual use in a learning context.

#4 Making a joke about one's life
😄

The third chapter of my life discusses my many failed attempts at baking.

The third chapter of my life discusses my many failed attempts at baking.

Uses academic language for a humorous, self-deprecating effect.

#5 Writing a memoir about family
💭

The third chapter discusses my mother's journey to a new country.

The third chapter discusses my mother's journey to a new country.

Provides a serious introduction to a personal story.

#6 In a corporate business proposal
💼

The third chapter discusses our projected revenue for the next quarter.

The third chapter discusses our projected revenue for the next quarter.

Signals important financial information to stakeholders.

自分をテスト

Choose the most professional verb to complete the academic sentence.

The third chapter ___ the impact of social media on teenagers.

✓ 正解! ✗ おしい! 正解: discusses

'Discusses' is the standard formal choice for academic writing.

Complete the sentence to introduce a section on history.

The ___ chapter discusses the origins of the conflict.

✓ 正解! ✗ おしい! 正解: third

We use ordinal numbers (first, second, third) when referring to specific chapters.

🎉 スコア: /2

ビジュアル学習ツール

Formality of Section Introductions

Casual

Talking to a friend

Chapter 3 is about...

Neutral

A blog post or email

Chapter 3 covers...

Formal

Academic essay or report

The third chapter discusses...

Where to use 'The third chapter discusses'

The third chapter discusses
🎓

University Thesis

Explaining your research steps.

📊

Business Report

Detailing market analysis.

📖

Book Review

Summarizing a biography.

🛠️

Technical Manual

Explaining safety protocols.

よくある質問

10 問

Yes, both The third chapter discusses and Chapter three discusses are correct and professional.

It is better to avoid talks about in formal essays. Use discusses or examines to sound more academic.

You can use will discuss in an introduction, but discusses is more common because the text exists in the present for the reader.

Literally, no, but in English writing, we personify the text. It is a standard stylistic choice.

It depends on the blog. For an educational or technical blog, it is perfect. For a personal diary blog, it might be too stiff.

Discusses is general and safe. Explores suggests a deeper, more investigative look at a topic.

Yes, if you are giving a formal presentation about a paper or a book you have written.

No, you do not need a comma. Example: The third chapter discusses the results.

Yes, deals with is a common synonym, though discusses is slightly more formal.

Usually, we use 'chapter' for books. For a short article, say The third section discusses instead.

関連フレーズ

The following section examines

A way to introduce the very next part of the text.

This chapter outlines

Used to provide a brief summary of the chapter's main points.

As previously discussed

A way to refer back to something mentioned in an earlier chapter.

The focus of this chapter is

A direct way to state the primary goal of the section.

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