B2 adjective フォーマル

authorization

/ˌɔːθəraɪˈzeɪʃən/

The official permission or legal power granted to someone to perform a specific action or access restricted resources. It typically refers to a formal process where a person in authority approves a request or validates a right.

例文

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1

I need my parents' authorization to join the school camping trip next month.

I need my parents' permission to join the school camping trip next month.

2

The treaty requires formal authorization from the parliament before it can be enacted into law.

The treaty requires formal approval from the parliament before it can be enacted into law.

3

Hey, did you get authorization to use the boss's parking spot today?

Hey, did you get the okay to use the boss's parking spot today?

語族

名詞
authorization
Verb
authorize
形容詞
authorized
関連
authority
💡

覚え方のコツ

Think of the 'Author' of a book. They have the 'Authority' to give 'Authorization' for their story to be made into a movie.

クイックテスト

The security guard refused to let him pass because he did not have the necessary ____.

正解!

正解は: authorization

例文

1

I need my parents' authorization to join the school camping trip next month.

everyday

I need my parents' permission to join the school camping trip next month.

2

The treaty requires formal authorization from the parliament before it can be enacted into law.

formal

The treaty requires formal approval from the parliament before it can be enacted into law.

3

Hey, did you get authorization to use the boss's parking spot today?

informal

Hey, did you get the okay to use the boss's parking spot today?

4

Researchers must obtain ethical authorization from the university board before commencing any human trials.

academic

Researchers must obtain ethical approval from the university board before commencing any human trials.

5

The bank declined the transaction because the merchant failed to provide a valid authorization code.

business

The bank declined the transaction because the merchant failed to provide a valid approval code.

語族

名詞
authorization
Verb
authorize
形容詞
authorized
関連
authority

よく使う組み合わせ

prior authorization permission granted in advance
written authorization permission provided in a physical or digital document
grant authorization to give someone official permission
seek authorization to ask for official permission
without authorization acting without having been given permission

よく使うフレーズ

letter of authorization

a formal document allowing someone to act on another's behalf

security authorization

the process of granting access to sensitive data or areas

final authorization

the last step of approval in a process

よく混同される語

authorization vs authority

'Authority' is the power to give orders, while 'authorization' is the specific act of giving permission.

authorization vs authentication

'Authentication' verifies who you are (ID), whereas 'authorization' determines what you are allowed to do.

📝

使い方のコツ

Authorization is most commonly used in legal, medical, and technical contexts. While 'permission' can be used for small things (like asking to borrow a pen), 'authorization' implies a formal system or hierarchy.

⚠️

よくある間違い

Learners often use the noun form 'authorization' when they need the verb 'authorize' (e.g., saying 'They authorization me' instead of 'They authorized me').

💡

覚え方のコツ

Think of the 'Author' of a book. They have the 'Authority' to give 'Authorization' for their story to be made into a movie.

📖

語源

Derived from the Middle French word 'authoriser', originating from the Medieval Latin 'authorizare', which comes from 'auctor' (meaning originator or author).

文法パターン

Uncountable when referring to the general concept of permission. Countable when referring to specific documents or instances of approval. Followed by the preposition 'for' or an infinitive 'to' (e.g., authorization for the purchase, authorization to enter).
🌍

文化的な背景

In Western business and legal cultures, written authorization is strictly required to protect against liability and ensure compliance with privacy laws.

クイックテスト

The security guard refused to let him pass because he did not have the necessary ____.

正解!

正解は: authorization

関連フレーズ

関連単語

unformible

C1

A noun referring to an entity, substance, or abstract concept that resists being shaped, structured, or categorized into a standard mold. It is often used in technical or philosophical contexts to describe something inherently chaotic or unstructured that defies traditional organization.

overpedery

C1

Describes a state or quality of being excessively concerned with minor details, formal rules, or displaying academic knowledge in a tedious way. It is typically used to criticize someone for being 'too much of a pedant' in their approach to a task or subject.

entractery

C1

Describing something that occurs during or pertains to an intermission or the interval between main acts of a performance. It is often used to characterize supplementary entertainment, music, or transitional activities that fill the gap between primary events.

nonceddom

C1

To designate or treat an entity, such as a word or a technical variable, as a temporary 'nonce' item created for a single, specific occasion. It involves isolating a concept so it does not become a permanent part of a system or vocabulary.

misvertible

C1

To incorrectly convert, transpose, or invert a sequence, data set, or logical statement. This verb describes the specific act of failing to maintain accuracy during a transformation process, resulting in a flawed output.

perivestance

C1

The state or act of surrounding an object or entity, often providing a protective, decorative, or atmospheric layer. It refers to the encompassing environment or the 'clothing' of a central core with external elements.

obscribic

C1

To write over existing text or markings in order to conceal, invalidate, or replace them. It specifically refers to the act of using new writing to obscure what was previously written on a surface.

abflexism

C1

To consciously or unconsciously contract the abdominal muscles and core as a response to physical or psychological stressors. This verb describes the act of adopting a rigid internal posture to display strength, maintain stability, or resist external pressure.

interarchship

C1

Relating to the structural or functional relationship existing between two dental or physiological arches, typically the upper and lower jaws. It describes the state of alignment, spacing, and interaction between these opposing structures in a clinical or biological context.

trimarship

C1

Describing a state of balanced three-way coordination or a structure characterized by tripartite leadership. It is typically used to define systems where three distinct entities share equal power or responsibility to maintain stability.

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