B2 verb ニュートラル

chronic

/ˈkrɒnɪk/

Describes a condition, habit, or situation that persists for a long time or recurs frequently. It is most commonly used in medical contexts for long-term illnesses or to describe deep-seated social and economic problems.

例文

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1

My grandfather has suffered from chronic back pain for over twenty years.

My grandfather has suffered from long-lasting back pain for over twenty years.

2

The region is currently facing a chronic shortage of clean drinking water.

The region is currently facing a long-term shortage of clean drinking water.

3

The traffic in this city is absolutely chronic during the morning rush hour.

The traffic in this city is extremely bad during the morning rush hour.

語族

名詞
chronicity
副詞
chronically
形容詞
chronic
関連
chronicle
💡

覚え方のコツ

The prefix 'chron-' comes from the Greek word for time (like a chronometer or watch). Therefore, a chronic problem is a 'time' problem—it lasts for a long time.

クイックテスト

The hospital specializes in treating patients with _______ respiratory diseases that require long-term care.

正解!

正解は: chronic

例文

1

My grandfather has suffered from chronic back pain for over twenty years.

everyday

My grandfather has suffered from long-lasting back pain for over twenty years.

2

The region is currently facing a chronic shortage of clean drinking water.

formal

The region is currently facing a long-term shortage of clean drinking water.

3

The traffic in this city is absolutely chronic during the morning rush hour.

informal

The traffic in this city is extremely bad during the morning rush hour.

4

Academic research suggests that chronic stress can lead to permanent changes in brain structure.

academic

Academic research suggests that long-term stress can lead to permanent changes in brain structure.

5

The company failed due to chronic underinvestment in new technology.

business

The company failed due to persistent underinvestment in new technology.

語族

名詞
chronicity
副詞
chronically
形容詞
chronic
関連
chronicle

よく使う組み合わせ

chronic illness long-term illness
chronic shortage persistent lack
chronic pain persistent pain
chronic unemployment long-term unemployment
chronic stress prolonged stress

よく使うフレーズ

chronic fatigue syndrome

a medical condition causing extreme tiredness over a long period

chronic condition

a health state that is persistent or otherwise long-lasting in its effects

chronic stage

the final or long-term phase of a developing situation or disease

よく混同される語

chronic vs acute

Acute describes a condition that is sudden and severe but short-lived, while chronic describes something that lasts a long time.

chronic vs severe

Severe refers to the intensity of pain or a problem, whereas chronic refers specifically to its duration.

📝

使い方のコツ

While primarily a medical term, it is widely used for any negative situation that seems impossible to stop, such as 'chronic lateness' or 'chronic debt'.

⚠️

よくある間違い

Learners often use 'chronic' to mean 'very painful' (severe). Remember that a chronic pain might be mild, but it is 'chronic' because it never goes away.

💡

覚え方のコツ

The prefix 'chron-' comes from the Greek word for time (like a chronometer or watch). Therefore, a chronic problem is a 'time' problem—it lasts for a long time.

📖

語源

Derived from the Greek 'khronikos', meaning 'of time', relating to 'khronos' (time).

文法パターン

Used as an attributive adjective (placed before the noun). Does not usually have comparative or superlative forms (e.g., we do not say 'more chronic').
🌍

文化的な背景

In British English slang, 'chronic' is sometimes used informally to mean 'appalling' or 'of very poor quality'.

クイックテスト

The hospital specializes in treating patients with _______ respiratory diseases that require long-term care.

正解!

正解は: chronic

関連単語

boned

B2

Primarily used as an adjective, 'boned' describes something that has a specific type of skeletal structure or a piece of meat from which the bones have been removed. In the context of garments, it refers to items reinforced with stiff strips, such as a corset, to maintain a specific shape.

boneyard

B2

A boneyard is a place where old, discarded, or obsolete items—typically large machinery like aircraft or vehicles—are stored or dismantled for parts. It is also an informal or regional term for a cemetery or burial ground.

bonfire

B2

A large, controlled outdoor fire lit for celebration, signaling, or to dispose of garden waste. It is typically much larger than a standard campfire and is often the centerpiece of a social or cultural event.

bongo

B2

To play the bongo drums or to strike a surface rhythmically and repeatedly with the fingers or palms. In academic or technical contexts, it often refers to the specific percussive action used in ethnomusicology or the observation of rhythmic motor patterns in behavioral studies.

bonito

B2

A bonito is a medium-sized, predatory marine fish belonging to the Scombridae family, which also includes tuna and mackerel. In culinary contexts, it is most famous for being dried, fermented, and smoked to create flakes used in Japanese stocks and seasonings.

bonkers

B2

An informal adjective used to describe someone or something that is crazy, insane, or highly eccentric. It can refer to a person's mental state, a chaotic situation, or an idea that seems completely absurd or wild.

bonny

B2

An adjective primarily used in British and Scottish English to describe someone, especially a woman or child, who is physically attractive, healthy, and cheerful. It conveys a sense of natural beauty combined with a robust or wholesome appearance.

bonsai

B2

Relating to the Japanese art of growing miniature trees in containers through careful pruning and wiring. When used as an adjective, it describes plants or objects that have been miniaturized or styled according to these aesthetic principles.

bony

B2

Describes someone or a part of the body that is very thin, allowing the underlying bone structure to be seen or felt. It also refers to anything made of or resembling bone, particularly in biological or anatomical contexts.

boo

B2

In informal contexts, 'boo' can be used as an adjective to describe something that is disappointing, poor in quality, or undesirable. It is more commonly recognized as a sound of disapproval or a slang term of endearment, but its use as a descriptor for 'bad' is found in specific colloquial dialects.

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