chronic
Describes a condition, habit, or situation that persists for a long time or recurs frequently. It is most commonly used in medical contexts for long-term illnesses or to describe deep-seated social and economic problems.
例句
3 / 5My grandfather has suffered from chronic back pain for over twenty years.
My grandfather has suffered from long-lasting back pain for over twenty years.
The region is currently facing a chronic shortage of clean drinking water.
The region is currently facing a long-term shortage of clean drinking water.
The traffic in this city is absolutely chronic during the morning rush hour.
The traffic in this city is extremely bad during the morning rush hour.
词族
记忆技巧
The prefix 'chron-' comes from the Greek word for time (like a chronometer or watch). Therefore, a chronic problem is a 'time' problem—it lasts for a long time.
快速测验
The hospital specializes in treating patients with _______ respiratory diseases that require long-term care.
正确!
正确答案是: chronic
例句
My grandfather has suffered from chronic back pain for over twenty years.
everydayMy grandfather has suffered from long-lasting back pain for over twenty years.
The region is currently facing a chronic shortage of clean drinking water.
formalThe region is currently facing a long-term shortage of clean drinking water.
The traffic in this city is absolutely chronic during the morning rush hour.
informalThe traffic in this city is extremely bad during the morning rush hour.
Academic research suggests that chronic stress can lead to permanent changes in brain structure.
academicAcademic research suggests that long-term stress can lead to permanent changes in brain structure.
The company failed due to chronic underinvestment in new technology.
businessThe company failed due to persistent underinvestment in new technology.
词族
常见搭配
常用短语
chronic fatigue syndrome
a medical condition causing extreme tiredness over a long period
chronic condition
a health state that is persistent or otherwise long-lasting in its effects
chronic stage
the final or long-term phase of a developing situation or disease
容易混淆的词
Acute describes a condition that is sudden and severe but short-lived, while chronic describes something that lasts a long time.
Severe refers to the intensity of pain or a problem, whereas chronic refers specifically to its duration.
使用说明
While primarily a medical term, it is widely used for any negative situation that seems impossible to stop, such as 'chronic lateness' or 'chronic debt'.
常见错误
Learners often use 'chronic' to mean 'very painful' (severe). Remember that a chronic pain might be mild, but it is 'chronic' because it never goes away.
记忆技巧
The prefix 'chron-' comes from the Greek word for time (like a chronometer or watch). Therefore, a chronic problem is a 'time' problem—it lasts for a long time.
词源
Derived from the Greek 'khronikos', meaning 'of time', relating to 'khronos' (time).
语法模式
文化背景
In British English slang, 'chronic' is sometimes used informally to mean 'appalling' or 'of very poor quality'.
快速测验
The hospital specializes in treating patients with _______ respiratory diseases that require long-term care.
正确!
正确答案是: chronic
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