Intransitive Conjunct Verbs
Use Noun/Adj + 'honā' when an event happens by itself or the agent is irrelevant.
The Rule in 30 Seconds
- Noun/Adj + honā = Intransitive action.
- Subject changes state automatically.
- Never use 'ne' with these verbs.
- Focus is on result, not doer.
Quick Reference
| Concept | Noun/Adj | Intransitive (Happens) | Transitive (Someone does it) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Start | shurū | shurū honā (to start) | shurū karnā (to start s.t.) |
| End/Finish | khatam | khatam honā (to finish) | khatam karnā (to finish s.t.) |
| Closed/Off | band | band honā (to close/stop) | band karnā (to close s.t.) |
| Worry | pareshān | pareshān honā (to be worried) | pareshān karnā (to bother) |
| Use | istemāl | istemāl honā (to be used) | istemāl karnā (to use) |
| Fix/Okay | thīk | thīk honā (to recover/fix) | thīk karnā (to fix s.t.) |
主な例文
3 / 8कल मेरी परीक्षा शुरू होगी।
My exam will start tomorrow.
क्या तुम्हारा काम खतम हो गया?
Is your work finished?
दुकान दस बजे बंद होती है।
The shop closes at 10 o'clock.
The 'Ne' Ban
I cannot stress this enough: If you see 'honā', run away from 'ne'. They are like oil and water. They never mix.
The 'Ho Gaya' Shortcut
In spoken Hindi, you'll hear 'ho gayā' (became/happened) more often than simple 'huā'. It adds a sense of completion. 'Phone band ho gayā' sounds more natural than 'Phone band huā'.
The Rule in 30 Seconds
- Noun/Adj + honā = Intransitive action.
- Subject changes state automatically.
- Never use 'ne' with these verbs.
- Focus is on result, not doer.
Overview
Intransitive Conjunct Verbs are your new best friends for describing things that just... happen. You know when you don't want to blame anyone, or it doesn't matter who did it? That's where these shine. They are formed by combining a Noun or Adjective with the verb honā (to be/become).
How This Grammar Works
In Hindi, we build verbs like Lego sets. You take a word like shurū (start) and stick honā next to it. Boom! You have shurū honā (to start / to begin). Because honā is intransitive (it has no direct object), the focus is entirely on the subject undergoing the change. The subject isn't *doing* the action to something else; the subject *is* the thing changing.
Formation Pattern
- 1It's a simple formula:
- 2Subject (The thing changing state)
- 3Noun/Adjective (The state or action)
- 4Honā (Conjugated to match the Subject)
- 5Example:
- 6
Class(Subject - F) +shurū(Noun) +huī(Honā - Past Fem) - 7=
Class shurū huī.(The class started.)
When To Use It
Use this pattern when you want to say "X happened" or "X became Y".
- When the event is automatic: "The sun set." (
sūraj dūbā- simple) vs "The shop closed." (dukān band huī) - When the doer is unknown: "The work was finished." (
kām khatam huā) - For feelings (often with
ko): "I became happy." (mujhe khushī huī)
When Not To Use It
Don't use honā if you are specifically saying WHO did the action to WHAT. If *Ram* started the class, you can't say "Ram class shurū huā" (that would mean Ram himself turned into a beginning... weird, right?). You would use the Transitive cousin, karnā.
Common Mistakes
- The 'Ne' Trap: Learners love adding
nein the past tense. Stop!Honāverbs are intransitive. Never usenewith the subject. - Wrong Agreement: The verb
honāmust agree with the Subject (the thing happening), not you (if you're just the observer). - Confusing Pairs: Mixing up
band honā(to close) withband karnā(to close something). One happens, the other is done by someone.
Contrast With Similar Patterns
Think of it like a light switch.
- Conjunct Transitive (
karnā): You flip the switch. You are the doer. "I started the car." - Conjunct Intransitive (
honā): The light comes on. It just happened. "The car started."
Quick FAQ
Q: Can I use these for feelings?
A: Yes! But often the person feeling it gets ko. Mujhe chintā huī (Worry happened to me).
Q: Do these exist for every English verb?
A: Not all. But for 'start', 'end', 'close', 'open', 'break', 'use', it's the standard way.
Reference Table
| Concept | Noun/Adj | Intransitive (Happens) | Transitive (Someone does it) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Start | shurū | shurū honā (to start) | shurū karnā (to start s.t.) |
| End/Finish | khatam | khatam honā (to finish) | khatam karnā (to finish s.t.) |
| Closed/Off | band | band honā (to close/stop) | band karnā (to close s.t.) |
| Worry | pareshān | pareshān honā (to be worried) | pareshān karnā (to bother) |
| Use | istemāl | istemāl honā (to be used) | istemāl karnā (to use) |
| Fix/Okay | thīk | thīk honā (to recover/fix) | thīk karnā (to fix s.t.) |
The 'Ne' Ban
I cannot stress this enough: If you see 'honā', run away from 'ne'. They are like oil and water. They never mix.
The 'Ho Gaya' Shortcut
In spoken Hindi, you'll hear 'ho gayā' (became/happened) more often than simple 'huā'. It adds a sense of completion. 'Phone band ho gayā' sounds more natural than 'Phone band huā'.
Passive Culture
Hindi speakers often prefer 'honā' to avoid blame. Instead of saying 'I broke the glass', they say 'Glass tūt gayā' (The glass broke). It's not evasive; it's just polite grammar!
Gender Check
Since there's no object, the verb matches the Subject. 'Chāy (F) thandī ho gaī' (Tea got cold). Always check the gender of the thing changing state.
例文
8कल मेरी परीक्षा शुरू होगी।
Focus: shurū hogī
My exam will start tomorrow.
Future tense. Subject is 'parīkshā' (F), so verb is 'hogī'.
क्या तुम्हारा काम खतम हो गया?
Focus: khatam ho gayā
Is your work finished?
Past tense. Subject is 'kām' (M), so verb is 'ho gayā'.
दुकान दस बजे बंद होती है।
Focus: band hotī hai
The shop closes at 10 o'clock.
Habitual present. Shops close 'by themselves' (schedule).
मुझे ये सुनकर बहुत खुशी हुई।
Focus: khushī huī
I became very happy hearing this.
Edge Case: Emotion. 'Khushī' (happiness) happened to 'Mujhe'.
फ़ोन गिरा और खराब हो गया।
Focus: kharāb ho gayā
The phone fell and broke (went bad).
Compound verb 'ho gayā' adds finality.
❌ मैंने काम खतम हुआ।
Focus: huā
Incorrect: Used 'ne' with intransitive verb.
Correction: 'Merā kām khatam huā' (My work finished).
❌ वह दरवाज़ा बंद हुआ।
Focus: band huā
Incorrect if meaning 'He closed the door'.
Correction: 'Usne darwāzā band kiyā' (Transitive).
इस कमरे में बहुत शोर होता है।
Focus: shor hotā hai
There is a lot of noise in this room.
General state/condition using 'honā'.
自分をテスト
Choose the correct verb form for the movie (picture) starting.
Film abhi abhi ___ hai. (The film has just started.)
Film is feminine in Hindi, and it starts 'by itself' in this context (intransitive). So, 'shurū huī'.
Select the correct form for a finished task.
Mera homework ___.
Homework (kām) is masculine. We are stating it is finished (state change), so we use 'khatam huā'.
How do you say 'Are you worried?'
Kya tum ___ ho?
Here 'ho' is the auxiliary. You just need the adjective 'pareshān'. 'Tum pareshān ho' = You are worried. (State of being).
🎉 スコア： /3
ビジュアル学習ツール
Who is in Control?
Choosing Honā vs Karnā
Is someone specifically DOING the action?
Use Noun + Karnā
Common Honā Collocations
Events
- • shurū honā
- • khatam honā
States
- • band honā
- • kharāb honā
Emotions
- • khush honā
- • nārāz honā
よくある質問
20 問It's just a fancy term for a two-part verb. In Hindi, instead of creating a new word for everything, we often just take a noun (like pyār - love) and add a helper verb (karnā or honā) to make it an action.
Because huā (happened/became) cannot take an agent with ne. You are the subject undergoing the emotion, so you say Main khush huā (I became happy).
Almost! Ho jānā is the compound form of honā. It emphasizes the *change* of state or completion. Kharāb honā is the verb concept; Kharāb ho gayā means it *actually* got ruined.
That's the eternal struggle! generally, -ī endings are feminine (khushī, shādī), but words like kām (work) are masculine. You just have to memorize them.
Absolutely. Kal bārish hogī (Rain will happen tomorrow). Party shurū hogī (Party will start).
Khulnā is a simple intransitive verb meaning 'to open' (like a door or shop). Shurū honā means 'to start/begin' (like an event or movie). A shop can do both!
No, only with experiences/feelings where the subject receives the feeling. Mujhe zukām huā (Cold happened to me). For physical objects changing state, no ko. Gāri start huī.
Yes. Bīmār (sick) + honā (to be). Woh bīmār hai (He is sick).
Yes! This is very common in Hinglish. Confuse honā, Bor honā, Late honā. Main late ho gayā (I got late).
You might accidentally take credit for something you didn't do! Class shurū kī implies YOU started the class (maybe you're the teacher). Class shurū huī just means it started.
Yes, many! Jānā (to go), ānā (to come), sonā (to sleep). These are 'Simple Intransitive Verbs', not Conjunct.
You say Merī shādī ho gayī hai (My marriage has happened/is done).
For simple past, yes. Huā (M), Huī (F), Hue (Pl). If it's habitual past, it's hotā thā.
Yes! Mujhe malūm huā (It became known to me / I realized). Very common phrase.
Yes, Dukān band hai describes the *state* (The shop is closed). Dukān band huī describes the *event* (The shop closed).
Just add nahīñ. Class shurū nahīñ huī (The class didn't start).
Yes, almost always in the past tense! That's the main difference. Karnā likes ne, Honā hates it.
Paidā honā. Bachchā paidā huā (A child was born).
Yes, it means 'to be proved'. Ye sōbit huā ki... (It was proved that...).
Technically der (delay) is the subject that happened to you. Delay happened to me. But informally, people often say Main late ho gayā using the English adjective.
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