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The state of changing or fluctuating. It is mostly used to describe changes in numbers, prices, weather, or unstable situations.

To be very rare or scarce, meaning the supply is much less than the demand. It is a fundamental concept in economics regarding resource allocation.

The efficiency of production, typically measured as the ratio of output to input. It indicates how much is produced per unit of effort or time.

To move upward or to increase in value, level, or quantity. It is frequently used in academic contexts to describe rising trends in data or prices.

The state of supplying one's own needs without external assistance, particularly regarding food or essential resources.

The desire of consumers, clients, or users for a particular commodity or service. It is a fundamental concept in economics paired with supply.

The amount of a good or service that is available for purchase or use. It is the counterpart to demand in market economics.

The process of managing or running something principally for financial gain, or making a new product available on the market.

The total amount of goods or products produced within a specific period. It is often used to measure industrial or agricultural output.

Goods or services that are provided without profit to all members of a society, either by the government or a private individual or organization.