B2 adjective 격식체

borne

/bɔːrn/

Describes something that is carried, transported, or transmitted by a specific medium, such as air, water, or insects. It is also used to indicate that a cost, responsibility, or burden is being sustained or accepted by a particular person or group.

예시

3 / 5
1

The heavy load was borne by the sturdy wooden beams of the old house.

The weight was supported by the strong wood parts of the building.

2

All expenses incurred during the research trip will be borne by the university's grant department.

The university will pay for all the costs of the research trip.

3

I don't think that suitcase can be borne by such a flimsy strap.

That weak strap probably cannot carry that heavy suitcase.

어휘 가족

명사
bearing
Verb
bear
형용사
borne
관련
bearer
💡

암기 팁

Think of the 'e' at the end of 'borne' as standing for 'Environment' (carried by the environment) or 'Endured'.

빠른 퀴즈

The theory that the virus was air-______ was eventually confirmed by the laboratory results.

정답!

정답은: borne

예시

1

The heavy load was borne by the sturdy wooden beams of the old house.

everyday

The weight was supported by the strong wood parts of the building.

2

All expenses incurred during the research trip will be borne by the university's grant department.

formal

The university will pay for all the costs of the research trip.

3

I don't think that suitcase can be borne by such a flimsy strap.

informal

That weak strap probably cannot carry that heavy suitcase.

4

Epidemiologists study how water-borne pathogens spread through urban plumbing systems.

academic

Scientists look at how germs carried in water move through city pipes.

5

The risks of the new venture are to be borne equally by all partners in the firm.

business

Every partner in the company must share the potential dangers of the new project.

어휘 가족

명사
bearing
Verb
bear
형용사
borne
관련
bearer

자주 쓰는 조합

water-borne disease an illness spread through contaminated water
borne out by evidence proven or supported by facts
costs borne by expenses paid for by a specific entity
air-borne particles small bits of matter carried through the air
insect-borne virus a virus transmitted by bugs like mosquitoes

자주 쓰는 구문

borne in mind

kept in one's thoughts or considered

borne fruit

produced successful results

borne a grudge

maintained a feeling of resentment

자주 혼동되는 단어

borne vs born

Born is used exclusively for birth (e.g., 'born in 1990'), while borne is the past participle of bear in all other senses like carrying or enduring.

📝

사용 참고사항

In modern English, 'borne' is used as a past participle and in compound adjectives. It is frequently seen in scientific writing to describe how diseases or particles travel (e.g., food-borne).

⚠️

자주 하는 실수

The most common error is using 'born' (as in birth) when 'borne' (carried/supported) is required, especially in phrases like 'water-borne'.

💡

암기 팁

Think of the 'e' at the end of 'borne' as standing for 'Environment' (carried by the environment) or 'Endured'.

📖

어원

Derived from the Old English word 'beran', which means to carry, bring forth, or produce.

문법 패턴

Used as a past participle in passive constructions: 'X is borne by Y'. Commonly used as a suffix in compound adjectives: '[Noun]-borne'. Does not change form for plural or gender.

빠른 퀴즈

The theory that the virus was air-______ was eventually confirmed by the laboratory results.

정답!

정답은: borne

관련 단어

ozone

B2

Ozone is a colorless gas found in the upper atmosphere that protects the Earth from harmful ultraviolet radiation. It is also produced at ground level as a pollutant when sunlight reacts with industrial emissions.

layer

B2

A layer is a single thickness, sheet, or level of a material that covers a surface or is placed between other things. It can refer to physical substances like paint and geological strata, or abstract levels of complexity and meaning.

around

C2

As an adverb at a C2 level, it denotes presence, availability, or existence within a specific vicinity or context. It is also used to indicate approximate values or to describe movement or positioning that encircles a point or lacks a specific direction.

climate

B2

Climate refers to the long-term patterns of weather conditions, such as temperature and rainfall, in a particular region over many years. It can also describe the prevailing mood, conditions, or social atmosphere of a specific time or place.

immune

B2

Immune describes the state of being protected from a specific disease, typically through vaccination or prior exposure. It can also figuratively refer to being unaffected by something negative, such as criticism, or being exempt from certain duties or legal consequences.

virus

B2

A submicroscopic infectious agent that replicates only inside the living cells of an organism, often causing disease. In technology, it refers to a piece of malicious code that replicates itself to damage or disrupt a computer system.

species

B2

A species is a group of living organisms consisting of similar individuals capable of exchanging genes or interbreeding. It is the basic unit of biological classification and taxonomic rank in the hierarchy of living things.

business

B2

Used as an attributive adjective to describe things related to professional commerce, trade, or work activities. It distinguishes professional matters from personal, social, or recreational ones.

contract

C1

A formal and legally binding agreement between two or more parties that establishes mutual obligations. In academic and legal contexts, it refers to the specific terms, conditions, and enforcement mechanisms that govern a transaction or relationship.

bonus

B2

A bonus is an extra amount of money, credit, or benefit added to what is expected or required. It is typically given as a reward for good performance or as an incentive to encourage future effort.

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