챕터 내
Connecting Your Thoughts
The Dual Roles of और: And
`और` acts as a connector (and) or a magnifier (more/else) depending on context—it never means 'also'.
The Rule in 30 Seconds
- It means 'And' when connecting two things.
- It means 'More' when describing quantity.
- It means 'Else' with question words.
- Never confuse it with 'Bhi' (Also).
Quick Reference
| Function | Hindi Structure | English Equivalent | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
| Connector | A + और + B | And | Ram और Raj |
| Quantity | और + Noun | More | और दूध (More milk) |
| Alternative | और + Question Word | Else | और कौन? (Who else?) |
| Counting | Number + और | More / Another | एक और (One more) |
| Conversation | और + Imperative | And (continuation) | और सुनाओ (Tell me more) |
| Adjective | और + Adjective | More (comparative) | और तेज़ (Faster/More fast) |
주요 예문
3 / 8Ram aur Shyam dost hain.
Ram and Shyam are friends.
Mujhe thodi aur chai chahiye.
I want a little more tea.
Vahaan aur kaun tha?
Who else was there?
The 'Also' Trap
Never use `और` for 'also'. If you say 'Main aur', people are waiting for you to name another person. Say 'Main bhi' for 'Me too'.
Indian Hospitality
In India, hosts will constantly offer you `और खाना` (more food). It's polite to refuse once, then accept `थोड़ा और` (a little more).
The Rule in 30 Seconds
- It means 'And' when connecting two things.
- It means 'More' when describing quantity.
- It means 'Else' with question words.
- Never confuse it with 'Bhi' (Also).
Overview
Meet और (Aur). It’s probably one of the first words you learned in Hindi, right? You likely know it as "and." But here’s the plot twist: और has a secret double life. It’s not just a connector; it’s also a hungry word that wants "more." Think of it as the "plus" sign on your calculator—sometimes it adds things together (A + B), and sometimes it just increases the value of what you already have (+1). Mastering this dual personality is crucial for B1 learners because if you only use it for "and," you’re missing out on half its power. It’s the difference between saying "Ram and Shyam" and "I want *more* biryani."
How This Grammar Works
Let’s break down the two main personalities of और.
Personality 1: The Connector (And)
This is the boring, reliable friend. It connects words, phrases, or sentences. It works exactly like the English "and."
चाय और बिस्कुट(Tea and biscuits)मैं आया और वह गई(I came and she left)
Personality 2: The Maximizer (More / Else / Another)
This is the demanding friend. It modifies nouns or questions to ask for additional quantity or alternatives.
- More:
थोड़ा और दीजिये(Give a little *more*). - Else:
और कौन जा रहा है?(Who *else* is going?) - Another:
एक और(One *more* / Another one).
Formation Pattern
- 1Since
औरdoesn't conjugate (thank goodness), you just need to know where to park it. - 2As "And": Place it strictly between the two items.
- 3Item A +
और+ Item B - 4
दिल्ली और मुंबई(Delhi and Mumbai) - 5As "More" (Quantity): Place it before the noun or adjective.
- 6
और+ Noun - 7
और पानी(More water) - 8As "Else" (with Question Words): Place it before the question word.
- 9
और+ Question Word - 10
और क्या?(What else?) - 11
और कहाँ?(Where else?) - 12As "Another" (Specific Count): Use with a number.
- 13Number +
और - 14
दो और(Two more)
When To Use It
- Making Lists: When you are listing ingredients for your imaginary cooking show.
- Connecting Actions: "I woke up
औरthen I went back to sleep." - Being Greedy (Politely): When one samosa isn't enough, you ask for
एक और(one more). - Investigating: When you want to know
और क्या(what else) happened in the gossip.
When Not To Use It
- Don't use for "Also": This is a classic trap! If you want to say "Me too," don't say
मैं और. That sounds like "Me and..." waiting for someone else. Useभी(bhi) for "also/too." - Don't confuse with direction:
और(Aur - two squiggly lines on top) is NOTओर(Or - one squiggly line).ओरmeans "towards" or "direction." One holds chai, the other points the way.
Common Mistakes
- The "Double Aur" Disaster: Beginners often say
औरwhen they meanभी(also). - *Wrong:*
मैं और जाऊंगा(I and... will go?) - *Right:*
मैं भी जाऊंगा(I *also* will go.) - The Spelling Slip-up: Writing
ओर(towards) instead ofऔर(and/more). It changes "I want tea and snacks" to "I want tea towards snacks," which makes no sense unless your tea is walking.
Contrast With Similar Patterns
तथा(Tatha) &एवं(Evam): These are the fancy, tuxedo-wearing cousins ofऔर. You’ll see them in formal writing or hear them in train announcements, but rarely in casual chat. Stick toऔरunless you’re writing a constitution.व(Va): A shorter, slightly more formal "and." Like saying "Rock 'n' Roll." It's common in literature but spoken less.
Quick FAQ
Q: Can I start a sentence with और?
Absolutely! It’s a great way to say "And then..." or "By the way..." (और बताओ - And tell me/So, what's up?).
Q: How do I say "One more"?
एक और (Ek aur). Literally "One more."
Q: Is और slang?
No, it's standard Hindi. Everyone from toddlers to prime ministers uses it.
Reference Table
| Function | Hindi Structure | English Equivalent | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
| Connector | A + और + B | And | Ram और Raj |
| Quantity | और + Noun | More | और दूध (More milk) |
| Alternative | और + Question Word | Else | और कौन? (Who else?) |
| Counting | Number + और | More / Another | एक और (One more) |
| Conversation | और + Imperative | And (continuation) | और सुनाओ (Tell me more) |
| Adjective | और + Adjective | More (comparative) | और तेज़ (Faster/More fast) |
The 'Also' Trap
Never use `और` for 'also'. If you say 'Main aur', people are waiting for you to name another person. Say 'Main bhi' for 'Me too'.
Indian Hospitality
In India, hosts will constantly offer you `और खाना` (more food). It's polite to refuse once, then accept `थोड़ा और` (a little more).
Conversational Starter
Start a sentence with `और...` to change the topic casually. `और सुनाओ` (And tell me/So, what's new) is the ultimate casual greeting.
Spelling Check
Look at the top of the word. Two antennae (`au` in `aur`) = And/More. One antenna (`o` in `or`) = Direction. Two lines, two meanings!
예시
8Ram aur Shyam dost hain.
Focus: और
Ram and Shyam are friends.
Standard connector usage.
Mujhe thodi aur chai chahiye.
Focus: और
I want a little more tea.
Here it indicates quantity.
Vahaan aur kaun tha?
Focus: और कौन
Who else was there?
Used with 'kaun' (who) to mean 'else'.
Ek aur roti laao.
Focus: एक और
Bring one more roti (another roti).
Common restaurant phrase.
Main aur tum challenge.
Focus: और
Me and you will go.
Connecting pronouns.
Kya main bhi aa sakta hoon?
Focus: भी
Can I come too?
Mistake correction: Never use 'aur' for 'too/also'.
Nadi ki or mat jaao.
Focus: ओर
Don't go towards the river.
Mistake correction: 'Or' (direction) vs 'Aur' (and).
Aur to aur, usne paise bhi nahi diye!
Focus: और तो और
And on top of that, he didn't even pay!
Advanced idiom: 'Aur to aur' means 'What's more/To top it off'.
셀프 테스트
Complete the sentence asking for 'more' water.
कृपया मुझे थोड़ा ___ पानी दीजिये।
We need 'more' (aur), not 'towards' (or) or 'also' (bhi).
Fill in the blank: 'Who else is coming?'
___ कौन आ रहा है?
When combined with a question word like 'kaun' (who), 'aur' means 'else'.
Select the correct word for: 'Sunita and Geeta'
सुनीता ___ गीता
To connect two names, we use the standard conjunction 'aur' (and).
🎉 점수: /3
시각 학습 자료
Sound-Alike Showdown
Which Word Do I Need?
Are you listing things (A & B)?
Do you want increased quantity?
Are you saying 'Me too'?
Common Contexts
Food Orders
- • थोड़ा और (A little more)
- • एक और (One more)
Inquiries
- • और क्या (What else)
- • और कौन (Who else)
자주 묻는 질문
21 질문Its primary meaning is 'and', used to connect words or sentences. For example, चाय और पानी (Tea and water).
Yes! It very commonly means 'more' or 'else'. Example: और चाहिए (I want more).
You say और कौन (Aur kaun). Literally 'More who' or 'And who'.
You say और क्या (Aur kya). This is very common in conversation.
Yes. तथा (Tatha) is very formal, mostly used in writing or speeches. और is used in daily life.
It sounds like the English word 'Our' but with a rolled R. Avoid saying 'Oar'—that sounds like ओर (direction).
No! This is a major mistake. Use भी (Bhi) for 'also'. मैं भी (Me too), not मैं और.
और (Aur - 2 strokes on top) is 'and/more'. ओर (Or - 1 stroke) is 'towards/direction'.
Put the number before और. दो और means 'two more'.
Yes, it acts like 'And' or 'So' to continue a story. और फिर क्या हुआ? (And then what happened?).
It means 'One more' or 'Another one'. Very useful when shopping or eating.
No. और is invariant. It never changes form regardless of gender or number.
It means 'Anything else'. Shopkeepers will often ask you this.
In a way, yes. When it means 'more', it modifies the noun. और चीनी (More sugar).
We usually say कम या ज़्यादा (Less or more), but और isn't used for 'less'.
Yes, it is used in both formal and informal Hindi. It is neutral.
It means 'No more' or 'Not anymore'. मैं और नहीं खा सकता (I can't eat anymore).
Yes! It's a very natural way to say 'So, how are you?'.
It means 'Even more'. और भी अच्छा (Even better).
Think 'More strokes for more meaning'. और has two strokes on top and multiple meanings.
Yes. खाओ और जाओ (Eat and go).
먼저 이것을 배우세요
이 개념들을 이해하면 이 문법 규칙을 마스터하는 데 도움이 됩니다.
관련 문법 규칙
Hindi Time Clauses: Using Jab
Overview Imagine a see-saw. On one side, you have an action happening at a specific time. On the other side, you have th...
Using "क्योंकि" (
Overview Meet your new best friend for explaining yourself: `क्योंकि` (kyunki). It simply means "because". Whenever you...
Temporal Relationships: Using
Overview Time travel might not be possible yet, but mastering temporal relationships in Hindi is the next best thing. At...
Connecting Ideas with Hindi Discourse Markers
Overview Congratulations! You’ve mastered the grammar robots. You can build sentences. But do you sound like a human yet...
Expressing Intention with ताकि and जिससे
Overview Ever done something with a specific goal in mind? Like pretending to laugh at your boss's joke **so that** you...
댓글 (0)
로그인하여 댓글 달기무료로 언어 학습 시작하기
무료로 학습 시작