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A colorless, odorless gas produced by burning carbon and organic compounds and by respiration. It is a major greenhouse gas contributing to global warming.

A biological community of interacting organisms and their physical environment.

Continuing or enduring over a long period of time without interruption. It is a key term in discussions about sustainability and long-term habits.

A change that is permanent and cannot be undone or returned to its original state.

The phenomenon of the Earth's average atmospheric temperature rising over time, primarily due to the greenhouse effect. It is a central theme in discussions about climate change and environmental policy.

Self-sufficiency rate. The degree to which a country can satisfy its own needs (usually food or energy) without relying on imports.

Describes energy or resources that can be replenished naturally over time, such as solar, wind, or hydro power. It is a key concept in discussions regarding sustainability and climate change mitigation.

The variety of all living things and their interactions. It is often used to describe the health and stability of an ecosystem.

The trapping of the sun's warmth in a planet's lower atmosphere due to the greater transparency of the atmosphere to visible radiation than to infrared radiation.

A species of animal or plant that is at serious risk of extinction.