構造
The arrangement of and relations between the parts or elements of something complex. It refers to both physical frameworks and abstract systems like society or language.
Examples
3 of 5体格や骨の構造には個人差がある。
There are individual differences in physique and bone structure.
当組織の運営構造を見直す時期に来ている。
It is time to review the operational structure of our organization.
このおもちゃ、構造が単純だからすぐ壊れそう。
This toy has a simple structure, so it looks like it'll break easily.
Word Family
Memory Tip
Ko (build) + Zo (make) = The way something is built.
Quick Quiz
都市の人口（ ）が変化している。
Correct!
The correct answer is: 構造
Examples
体格や骨の構造には個人差がある。
everydayThere are individual differences in physique and bone structure.
当組織の運営構造を見直す時期に来ている。
formalIt is time to review the operational structure of our organization.
このおもちゃ、構造が単純だからすぐ壊れそう。
informalThis toy has a simple structure, so it looks like it'll break easily.
社会構造の変化が少子化の一因となっている。
academicChanges in social structure are one cause of the declining birthrate.
収益構造を改善しなければ、赤字は解消されない。
businessUnless we improve the profit structure, the deficit will not be resolved.
Word Family
Common Collocations
Common Phrases
産業構造
industrial structure
深層構造
deep structure
構造解析
structural analysis
Often Confused With
構成 (kousei) focus on the 'composition' or 'makeup', while 構造 focus on the 'framework' or 'mechanics'.
Usage Notes
Used in various fields from engineering to sociology. In IELTS, it's used to describe diagrams or societal shifts.
Common Mistakes
Often confused with 'composition' (kousei). Use 'kouzou' for the underlying framework.
Memory Tip
Ko (build) + Zo (make) = The way something is built.
Word Origin
Kou (to frame) + Zou (to create).
Grammar Patterns
Cultural Context
Often used in the phrase 'kouzou kaikaku' (structural reform) in Japanese politics.
Quick Quiz
都市の人口（ ）が変化している。
Correct!
The correct answer is: 構造
Related Vocabulary
More academic words
実際
B1Reality or the actual state of things, as opposed to theory or imagination.
反論
B1An argument or set of reasons put forward to oppose an idea or theory developed by another person.
必然的
B1Describes something that is unavoidable, certain to happen, or logically necessary as a result of certain conditions.
乖離
B2A state of being widely separated or divergent; a gap between two things that should be related.
充足
B2The state of being sufficient or satisfying a requirement. It is often used in formal contexts regarding criteria, human resources, or needs.
阻害
B2The act of hindering, obstructing, or preventing progress, development, or a biological process.
提唱
B2To propose or advocate for a new theory, principle, doctrine, or idea. It is typically used when an expert or leader introduces a significant concept to the public or academic community.
特有
B2Characteristic of or belonging uniquely to a particular person, place, or thing. Used to describe unique traits or cultural features.
密集
B2A state where things or people are gathered together very closely in a small area; density/concentration.
過疎
B2The state of a region where the population has significantly decreased, leading to difficulties in maintaining social functions and services.
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